Measurement Error of Percent Diameter Carotid Stenosis Determined by Conventional Angiography: Implications for Noninvasive Evaluation

References

1. ↵
   Naylor AR, Rothwell PM, Bell PR. Overview of the principal results and secondary analyses from the European and North American randomised trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003;26:115–129

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. ↵
   Athanasoulis CA, Plomaritoglou A. Preoperative imaging of the carotid bifurcation: current trends. Int Angiol 2000;19:1–7

   PubMedWeb of Science
3. ↵
   Brown PM, Johnston KW. The difficulty of quantifying the severity of carotid stenosis. Surgery 1982;92:468–473

   PubMedWeb of Science
4. Chikos PM, Fisher LD, Hirsch JH, Harley JD, Thiele BL, Strandness DE Jr. Observer variability in evaluating extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 1983;14:885–892

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. O’Leary DH, Bryan FA, Goodison MW, et al. Measurement variability of carotid atherosclerosis: real-time (B-mode) ultrasonography and angiography. Stroke 1987;18:1011–1017

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. ↵
   Eliasziw M, Smith RF, Singh N, Holdsworth DW, Fox AJ, Barnett HJ. Further comments on the measurement of carotid stenosis from angiograms: North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Group. Stroke 1994;25:2445–2449

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. ↵
   Rothwell PM, Gibson RJ, Slattery J, Sellar RJ, Warlow CP. Equivalence of measurements of carotid stenosis: a comparison of three methods on 1001 angiograms—European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Stroke 1994;25:2435–2439

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. ↵
   Rothwell PM, Gibson RJ, Slattery J, Warlow CP. Prognostic value and reproducibility of measurements of carotid stenosis: a comparison of three methods on 1001 angiograms—European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Stroke 1994;25:2440–2444

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. ↵
   Vanninen R, Manninen H, Koivisto K, Tulla H, Partanen K, Puranen M. Carotid stenosis by digital subtraction angiography: reproducibility of the European Carotid Surgery Trial and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial measurement methods and visual interpretation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15:1635–1641

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. Gagne PJ, Matchett J, MacFarland D, et al. Can the NASCET technique for measuring carotid stenosis be reliably applied outside the trial? J Vasc Surg 1996;24:449–455

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. ↵
    Young GR, Sandercock PA, Slattery J, Humphrey PR, Smith ET, Brock L. Observer variation in the interpretation of intra-arterial angiograms and the risk of inappropriate decisions about carotid endarterectomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:152–157

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. ↵
    Young GR, Humphrey PR, Nixon TE, Smith ET. Variability in measurement of extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis as displayed by both digital subtraction and magnetic resonance angiography: an assessment of three caliper techniques and visual impression of stenosis. Stroke 1996;27:467–473

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. Dippel DW, van Kooten F, Bakker SL, Koudstaal PJ. Interobserver agreement for 10% categories of angiographic carotid stenosis. Stroke 1997;28:2483–2485

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    Rothwell PM. Analysis of agreement between measurements of continuous variables: general principles and lessons from studies of imaging of carotid stenosis. J Neurol 2000;247:825–834

    CrossRefPubMed
15. ↵
    Stapf C, Hofmeister C, Hartmann A, et al. Interrater agreement for high grade carotid artery stenosis measurement and treatment decision. Eur J Med Res 2000;5:26–31

    PubMed
16. Griffiths GD, Razzaq R, Farrell A, Ashleigh R, Charlesworth D. Variability in measurement of internal carotid artery stenosis by arch angiography and duplex ultrasonography: time for a reappraisal? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001;21:130–136

    CrossRefPubMed
17. Wardlaw JM, Lewis SC, Humphrey P, Young G, Collie D, Warlow CP. How does the degree of carotid stenosis affect the accuracy and interobserver variability of magnetic resonance angiography? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71:155–160

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. Wardlaw JM, Lewis SC, Collie DA, Sellar R. Interobserver variability of magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis: effect of observer experience. Neuroradiology 2002;44:126–132

    CrossRefPubMed
19. Patel SG, Collie DA, Wardlaw JM, et al. Outcome, observer reliability, and patient preferences if CTA, MRA, or Doppler ultrasound were used, individually or together, instead of digital subtraction angiography before carotid endarterectomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:21–28

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
20. ↵
    Hyde DE, Fox AJ, Gulka I, et al. Internal carotid artery stenosis measurement: comparison of 3D computed rotational angiography and conventional digital subtraction angiography. Stroke 2004;35:2776–2781

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. ↵
    Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res 1999;8:135–160

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
22. ↵
    Altman DG. Construction of age-related reference centiles using absolute residuals. Stat Med 1993;12:917–924

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. ↵
    Pelz DM, Fox AJ, Eliasziw M, Barnett HJ. Stenosis of the carotid bifurcation: subjective assessment compared with strict measurement guidelines. Can Assoc Radiol J 1993;44:247–252

    PubMedWeb of Science
24. ↵
    Blakeley DD, Oddone EZ, Hasselblad V, Simel DL, Matchar DB. Noninvasive carotid artery testing: a meta-analytic review. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:360–367

    PubMedWeb of Science
25. ↵
    Norris JW, Rothwell PM. Noninvasive carotid imaging to select patients for endarterectomy: is it really safer than conventional angiography? Neurology 2001;56:990–991

    FREE Full Text
26. Davis SM, Donnan GA. Is carotid angiography necessary? Editors disagree. Stroke 2003;34:1819

    FREE Full Text
27. Derdeyn CP. Catheter angiography is still necessary for the measurement of carotid stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:1737–1738

    FREE Full Text
28. Moore WS. For severe carotid stenosis found on ultrasound, further arterial evaluation is unnecessary. Stroke 2003;34:1816–1817

    FREE Full Text
29. Rothwell PM. For severe carotid stenosis found on ultrasound, further arterial evaluation prior to carotid endarterectomy is unnecessary: the argument against. Stroke 2003;34:1817–1819

    FREE Full Text
30. ↵
    Powers WJ. Carotid arteriography: still golden after all these years? Neurology 2004;62:1246–1247

    FREE Full Text
31. ↵
    Hankey GJ, Warlow CP. Symptomatic carotid ischaemic events: safest and most cost effective way of selecting patients for angiography, before carotid endarterectomy. BMJ 1990;300:1485–1491
32. ↵
    MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70–99%) or with mild (0–29%) carotid stenosis—European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet 1991;337:1235–1243

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. ↵
    North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: methods, patient characteristics, and progress. Stroke 1991;22:711–720

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. ↵
    Williams MA, Nicolaides AN. Predicting the normal dimensions of the internal and external carotid arteries from the diameter of the common carotid. Eur J Vasc Surg 1987;1:91–96

    CrossRefPubMed
35. ↵
    Fox AJ. How to measure carotid stenosis. Radiology 1993;186:316–318

    PubMedWeb of Science
36. ↵
    Staikov IN, Arnold M, Mattle HP, et al. Comparison of the ECST, CC, and NASCET grading methods and ultrasound for assessing carotid stenosis: European Carotid Surgery Trial North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. J Neurol 2000;247:681–686

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. ↵
    Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, et al. Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Lancet 2003;361:107–116

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. ↵
    Rothwell PM, Gutnikov SA, Warlow CP. Reanalysis of the final results of the European Carotid Surgery Trial. Stroke 2003;34:514–523

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
39. ↵
    Taylor JR. An introduction to error analysis. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books;1997