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Routine MRI techniques are rather limited in assessing treatment response versus disease progression following radiation therapy as lesion size often fluctuates after both successful and unsuccessful treatment. In this study, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion parameters were used to predict treatment success or failure regarding spinal osseous metastases and to show the concordance with lesion-size measurements in the determination of treatment success or failure. The authors found there were significant differences in the change in plasma volume following radiation treatment between their clinical response and persistent disease groups. Additionally, they demonstrated that plasma volume had a higher specificity than size measurements.

Multi-institutional retrospective evaluation of patients with CSF-to-venous fistulas treated with CT-guided fibrin glue treatment showed that treatment success may be in part driven by whether the spread of fibrin injectate matches the target drainage pathway of the CVF.

The Bern score quantitatively characterizes brain MR imaging changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. This imaging biomarker was shown to have a low correlation with clinical headache severity and, therefore, imaging findings in isolation may have limited utility as primary outcome measures when assessing treatment response.