Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
An angiogram in a patient with right ICA near-occlusion. A, In a selective angiogram of the left carotid artery, no stenosis is present; the diameter of the ICA is larger than that of the ECA; and there is rapid filling of the intracranial circulation and intracranial collaterals to the right ACA and MCA. B, Near-occlusion of the right ICA. The diameter of the distal ICA (thick arrow) is smaller than that of the ECA (thin arrow) and much smaller than that of the contralateral ICA. Late filling of the distal ICA. C, In the late phase of the angiogram, the contrast filling stops at the level of carotid siphon (thick arrow). The intracranial circulation is not visualized because the contrast is diluted by collateral flow. ACA indicates anterior cerebral artery.
- FIG 2.
Kaplan-Meier estimate of 10-year survival after carotid stent placement in the near-occlusion-versus-control groups in the matched (A) and unmatched (B) cohorts.
- FIG 3.
Kaplan-Meier estimate of freedom from re-intervention for in-stent restenosis after carotid stent placement in the near-occlusion-versus-control groups in the unmatched (A) and matched (B) cohorts.
Tables
Unmatched Cohort Matched Cohort Near-Occlusion (n = 84 Patients) Control Group (n = 460 Patients) P Value Near-Occlusion (n = 84 Patients) Control Group (n = 168 Patients) P Value Age (mean) (yr) 70.3 (SD, 9.7) 68.6 (SD, 8.3) .091 70.3 (SD, 9.7) 70.2 (SD, 7.7) .943 Men 68% 65% .620 68% 64% .576 Current smokers 43% 40% .629 43% 37% .411 Arterial hypertension 88% 88% 1.000 88% 88% 1.000 Total plasma cholesterol level (mean) (mmol/L) 4.4 (SD, 1.1) 4.2 (SD, 1.0) .126 4.4 (SD, 1.1) 4.4 (SD, 1.1) .664 LDL cholesterol level (mean) (mmol/L) 2.6 (SD, 0.9) 2.4 (SD, 0.8) .171 2.6 (SD, 0.9) 2.5 (SD, 0.9) .629 HDL cholesterol level (mean) (mmol/L) 1.06 (SD, 0.31) 1.09 (SD, 0.33) .695 1.06 (SD, 0.31) 1.09 (SD, 0.33) .659 Plasma triglyceride level (mean) (mmol/L) 1.93 (SD, 1.2) 1.8 (SD, 1.1) .638 1.93 (SD, 1.2) 1.78 (SD, 1.0) .614 CRP level (median) (IQR) (mg/L) 3.6 (1.1–8.6) 2.3 (0.8–5.5) .008 3.6 (1.1–8.6) 2.1 (0.9–4.9) .010 Body mass index (mean) 28.6 (SD, 4.8) 28.1 (SD, 4.4) .483 28.6 (SD, 4.8) 28.0 (SD, 4.1) .540 Diabetes 33% 42% .184 33% 37% .676 Chronic kidney disease 27% 22% .324 27% 24% .644 Chronic bronchopulmonary disease 14% 13% .723 14% 15% 1.000 Peripheral arterial disease 32% 39% .271 32% 33% .888 Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction 15% 11% .320 15% 11% .374 Previous coronary artery bypass 20% 18% .649 20% 17% .490 Need for heart surgery within 30 days 5% 9% .281 5% 10% .224 Previous myocardial infarction 24% 28% .506 24% 30% .302 Previous percutaneous coronary artery intervention 23% 32% .094 23% 24% .876 Known multivessel coronary artery disease 39% 40% 1.000 39% 35% .490 Previous stroke 37% 30% .252 37% 40% .683 Ipsilateral cerebral ischemic symptoms in the past month 37% 21% .003 37% 33% .577 Ipsilateral cerebral ischemic symptoms in the past 6 months (ie, symptomatic stenosis) 45% 29% .005 45% 46% .894 Patients with ≥1 risk factors for endarterectomya 82% 80% .766 82% 82% 1.000 Note:—IQR indicates interquartile range; CRP, C-reactive protein.
↵a One of the following: left ventricle ejection fraction of ≤40%, chronic bronchopulmonary disease, prior myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafts, or age 75 years or older.
Unmatched Cohort Matched Cohort Near-Occlusion (n = 84 Patients) Control Group (n = 460 Patients) P Value Near-Occlusion (n = 84 Patients) Control Group (n = 168 Patients) P Value TIA during hospitalization (No.) (%) 6 (7.1) 12 (2.6) .045 6 (7.1) 7 (4.2) .368 A, Minor stroke during hospitalization (No.) (%) 3 (3.6) 5 (1.1) .111 3 (3.6) 3 (1.8) .404 B, Major stroke during hospitalization (No.) (%) 1 (1.2) 6 (1.3) 1.000 1 (1.2) 4 (2.4) .668 Hyperperfusion syndrome during hospitalization (No.) (%) 0 2 (0.4) 1.000 0 0 Myocardial infarction during hospitalization (No.) (%) 1 (1.2) 0 .154 1 (1.2) 0 .333 Death during hospitalization (No.) (%) 2 (2.4) 2 (0.4) .115 2 (2.4) 0 .110 C, Minor stroke in 30-day hospitalization (No.) (%) 0 4 (0.9) 1.000 0 2 (1.2) .554 D, Major stroke in 30-day hospitalization (No.) (%) 1 (1.2) 2 (0.4) .396 1 (1.2) 1 (0.6) 1.000 E, Death in 30 days (including during hospitalization) (No.) (%) 3 (3.6) 3 (0.7) .050 3 (3.6) 1 (0.6) .109 Primary end point: A + B + C + D + E (No.) (%) 7 (8.3) 19 (4.1) .101 7 (8.3) 11 (6.6) .611 Re-intervention for restenosis during follow-up (No.) (%) 9 (10.7) 19 (4.1) .026 9 (10.7) 6 (3.6) .044 All-cause mortality during follow-up (No.) (%) 33 (39.3) 202 (43.9) .473 33 (39.3) 76 (45.2) .419 Cardiovascular death (No.) (%) 25 (29.8) 129 (28.0) .792 25 (29.8) 53 (31.6) .885 Noncardiovascular death (No.) (%) 6 (7.1) 64 (13.9) .110 6 (7.1) 19 (11.3) .374 Unknown death (No.) (%) 2 (2.4) 9 (2.0) .682 2 (2.4) 4 (2.4) 1.000 Mortality per 100 patient-years 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.5 Note:—TIA indicates transient ischemic attack.
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