MRI Interpretation Errors in Adult Patients with Medically Refractory Epilepsy

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Beghi E

   . The epidemiology of epilepsy. Neuroepidemiology 2020;54:185–91 doi:10.1159/000503831 pmid:31852003

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Fisher RS,
   2. Boas WE,
   3. Blume W, et al

   . Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia 2005;46:470–72 doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x pmid:15816939

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Ngugi AK,
   2. Kariuki SM,
   3. Bottomley C, et al

   . Incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2011;77:1005–12 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822cfc90 pmid:21893672

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Fiest KM,
   2. Sauro KM,
   3. Wiebe S, et al

   . Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies. Neurology 2017;88:296–303 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003509 pmid:27986877

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Beghi E,
   2. Giussani G,
   3. Sander JW

   . The natural history and prognosis of epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2015;17:243–53 doi:10.1684/epd.2015.0751 pmid:26234761

   CrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. Von Oertzen J,
   2. Urbach H,
   3. Jungbluth S, et al

   . Standard magnetic resonance imaging is inadequate for patients with refractory focal epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:643–47 doi:10.1136/jnnp.73.6.643 pmid:12438463

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   1. Shorvon SD,
   2. Goodridge DM

   . Longitudinal cohort studies of the prognosis of epilepsy: contribution of the National General Practice Study of Epilepsy and other studies. Brain 2013;136:3497–510 doi:10.1093/brain/awt223 pmid:24067241

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. López González FJ,
   2. Rodríguez Osario X,
   3. Gil-Nagel Rein A, et al

   . Drug-resistant epilepsy: definition and treatment alternatives. Neurologia 2015;30:439–46

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Kwan P,
   2. Brodie MJ

   . Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2000;342:314–19 doi:10.1056/NEJM200002033420503 pmid:10660394

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    1. Hainc N,
    2. McAndrews MP,
    3. Valiante T, et al

    . Imaging in medically refractory epilepsy at 3 Tesla: a 13-year tertiary adult epilepsy center experience. Insights Imaging 2022;13:99 doi:10.1186/s13244-022-01236-1 pmid:35661273

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Bernasconi A,
    2. Cendes F,
    3. Theodore WH, et al

    . Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: a consensus report from the International League Against Epilepsy Neuroimaging Task Force. Epilepsia 2019;60:1054–68 doi:10.1111/epi.15612 pmid:31135062

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Blumcke I,
    2. Spreafico R,
    3. Haaker G

    ; EEBB Consortium, et al. Histopathological findings in brain tissue obtained during epilepsy surgery. N Engl J Med 2017;377:1648–56 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1703784 pmid:29069555

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Cankurtaran CZ,
    2. Templer J,
    3. Bandt SK, et al

    . Multimodal presurgical evaluation of medically refractory focal epilepsy in adults: an update for radiologists. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022;219:488–500 doi:10.2214/AJR.22.27588 pmid:35441531

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Urbach H,
    2. Hattingen J,
    3. von Oertzen J, et al

    . MR imaging in the presurgical workup of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:919–26 pmid:15205124

    PubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. McGonigal A,
    2. Bartolomei F,
    3. Régis J, et al

    . Stereoelectroencephalography in presurgical assessment of MRI-negative epilepsy. Brain 2007;130:3169–83 doi:10.1093/brain/awm218 pmid:17855377

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    1. Muhlhofer W,
    2. Tan YL,
    3. Mueller SG, et al

    . MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy-what do we know? Epilepsia 2017;58:727–42 doi:10.1111/epi.13699 pmid:28266710

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Cascino GD,
    2. Jack CR, Jr.,
    3. Parisi JE, et al

    . Magnetic resonance imaging-based volume studies in temporal lobe epilepsy: pathological correlations. Ann Neurol 1991;30:31–36 doi:10.1002/ana.410300107 pmid:1929226

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 18.↵
    1. Toledano R,
    2. Garcia-Morales I,
    3. Jimenez-Huete A, et al

    . Small temporal pole encephalocele: a hidden cause of “normal” MRI temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2016;57:841–51 doi:10.1111/epi.13371 pmid:27020612

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Duncan JS

    . Imaging in the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2010;6:537–50 doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.131 pmid:20842185

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    1. Bien CG,
    2. Szinay M,
    3. Wagner J, et al

    . Characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with refractory magnetic resonance imaging-negative epilepsies. Arch Neurol 2009;66:1491–99 doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.283 pmid:20008653

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. 21.↵
    1. Nguyen DK,
    2. Mbacfou MT,
    3. Nguyen DB, et al

    . Prevalence of nonlesional focal epilepsy in an adult epilepsy clinic. Can J Neurol Sci 2013;40:198–202 doi:10.1017/s0317167100013731 pmid:23419568

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Makhalova J,
    2. Le Troter A,
    3. Aubert-Conil S, et al

    . Epileptogenic networks in drug-resistant epilepsy with amygdala enlargement: assessment with stereo-EEG and 7T MRI. Clin Neurophysiol 2022;133:94–103 doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2021.10.012 pmid:34826646

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    1. Tebartz van Elst L,
    2. Woermann FG,
    3. Lemieux L, et al

    . Amygdala enlargement in dysthymia–a volumetric study of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:1614–23 doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00212-7 pmid:10624542

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    1. Beh SMJ,
    2. Cook MJ,
    3. D’Souza WJ

    . Isolated amygdala enlargement in temporal lobe epilepsy: a systematic review. Epilepsy Behav 2016;60:33–41 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.015 pmid:27176882

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    1. Coan AC,
    2. Morita ME,
    3. de Campos BM, et al

    . Amygdala enlargement in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy without hippocampal sclerosis. Front Neurol 2013;4:166 doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00166 pmid:24298266

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Reyes A,
    2. Thesen T,
    3. Kuzniecky R, et al

    . Amygdala enlargement: temporal lobe epilepsy subtype or nonspecific finding? Epilepsy Res 2017;132:34–40 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.019 pmid:28284051

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    1. Suzuki H,
    2. Sugano H,
    3. Nakajima M, et al

    . The epileptogenic zone in pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala enlargement. Epileptic Disord 2019;21:252–64 doi:10.1684/epd.2019.1075 pmid:31225808

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. Bower SPC,
    2. Vogrin SJ,
    3. Morris K, et al

    . Amygdala volumetry in “imaging-negative” temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1245–49 doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1245 pmid:12933928

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. 29.↵
    1. Van Paesschen W,
    2. Connelly A,
    3. Johnson CL, et al

    . The amygdala and intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. Neurology 1996;47:1021–31 doi:10.1212/wnl.47.4.1021 pmid:8857739

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. 30.↵
    1. Na HK,
    2. Lee H-J,
    3. Hong S-J, et al

    . Volume change in amygdala enlargement as a prognostic factor in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: a longitudinal study. Epilepsia 2020;61:70–80 doi:10.1111/epi.16400 pmid:31828789

    CrossRefPubMed
31. 31.↵
    1. Malter MP,
    2. Widman G,
    3. Galldiks N, et al

    . Suspected new-onset autoimmune temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala enlargement. Epilepsia 2016;57:1485–94 doi:10.1111/epi.13471 pmid:27418040

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Shakhatreh L,
    2. Sinclair B,
    3. McLean C, et al

    . Amygdala enlargement in temporal lobe epilepsy: histopathology and surgical outcomes. Epilepsia 2024;65:1709–19 doi:10.1111/epi.17968 pmid:38546705

    CrossRefPubMed
33. 33.↵
    1. Aminpour A,
    2. Ebrahimi M,
    3. Widjaja E

    . Lesion segmentation in paediatric epilepsy utilizing deep learning approaches. AAIML 2022;02:422–40 doi:10.54364/AAIML.2022.1128

    CrossRef
34. 34.↵
    1. Najm I,
    2. Lal D,
    3. Vanegas MA, et al

    . The ILAE consensus classification of focal cortical dysplasia: an update proposed by an ad hoc task force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia 2022;63:1899–919 doi:10.1111/epi.17301 pmid:35706131

    CrossRefPubMed
35. 35.↵
    1. Wang I,
    2. Bernasconi A,
    3. Bernhardt B, et al

    . MRI essentials in epileptology: a review from the ILAE Imaging Taskforce. Epileptic Disord 2020;22:421–37 doi:10.1684/epd.2020.1174 pmid:32763869

    CrossRefPubMed
36. 36.↵
    1. Wang I,
    2. Oh S,
    3. Blümcke I, et al

    . Value of 7T MRI and post-processing in patients with nonlesional 3T MRI undergoing epilepsy presurgical evaluation. Epilepsia 2020;61:2509–20 doi:10.1111/epi.16682 pmid:32949471

    CrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    1. Wang ZI,
    2. Alexopoulos AV,
    3. Jones SE, et al

    . Linking MRI postprocessing with magnetic source imaging in MRI-negative epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2014;75:759–70 doi:10.1002/ana.24169 pmid:24777960

    CrossRefPubMed
38. 38.↵
    1. Wang ZI,
    2. Alexopoulos AV,
    3. Jones SE, et al

    . The pathology of magnetic-resonance-imaging-negative epilepsy. Mod Pathol 2013;26:1051–58 doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013.52 pmid:23558575

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
39. 39.↵
    1. Wind JJ,
    2. Caputy AJ,
    3. Roberti F

    . Spontaneous encephaloceles of the temporal lobe. Neurosurg Focus 2008;25:E11 doi:10.3171/FOC.2008.25.12.E11 pmid:19035698

    CrossRefPubMed
40. 40.↵
    1. Saavalainen T,
    2. Jutila L,
    3. Mervaala E, et al

    . Temporal anteroinferior encephalocele: an underrecognized etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy? Neurology 2015;85:1467–74 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002062 pmid:26408489

    CrossRefPubMed
41. 41.↵
    1. Morone PJ,
    2. Sweeney AD,
    3. Carlson ML, et al

    . Temporal lobe encephaloceles: a potentially curable cause of seizures. Otol Neurotol 2015;36:1439–42 doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000000825 pmid:26164447

    CrossRefPubMed
42. 42.↵
    1. Faulkner HJ,
    2. Sandeman DR,
    3. Love S, et al

    . Epilepsy surgery for refractory epilepsy due to encephalocele: a case report and review of the literature. Epileptic Disord 2010;12:160–66 doi:10.1684/epd.2010.0308 pmid:20488780

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
43. 43.↵
    1. Campbell ZM,
    2. Hyer JM,
    3. Lauzon S, et al

    . Detection and characteristics of temporal encephaloceles in patients with refractory epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018;39:1468–72 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5704 pmid:29903924

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
44. 44.↵
    1. Smith AP,
    2. Sani S,
    3. Kanner AM, et al

    . Medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy in patients with normal MRI: surgical outcome in twenty-one consecutive patients. Seizure 2011;20:475–79 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2011.02.013 pmid:21435909

    CrossRefPubMed
45. 45.↵
    1. Bican Demir A,
    2. Eser P,
    3. Bekar A, et al

    . A rare cause of epilepsy: ulegyria revisited in a series of 10 patients. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022;53:153–59 doi:10.1177/15500594211043308 pmid:34533067

    CrossRefPubMed
46. 46.↵
    1. Ho CY,
    2. Radhakrishnan R

    . Optimal epilepsy imaging and protocols. Adv Clin Radiol 2021;3:253–63 doi:10.1016/j.yacr.2021.04.018

    CrossRef
47. 47.↵
    1. Bouilleret V,
    2. Valenti MP,
    3. Hirsch E, et al

    . Correlation between PET and SISCOM in temporal lobe epilepsy. J Nucl Med 2002;43:991–98 pmid:12163622

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
48. 48.↵
    1. Traub-Weidinger T,
    2. Arbizu J,
    3. Barthel H, et al

    . EANM practice guidelines for an appropriate use of PET and SPECT for patients with epilepsy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024;51:1891–908 doi:10.1007/s00259-024-06656-3 pmid:38393374

    CrossRefPubMed
49. 49.↵
    1. Caruso PA,
    2. Johnson J,
    3. Thibert R, et al

    . The use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of epilepsy. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2013;23:407–24 doi:10.1016/j.nic.2012.12.012 pmid:23928197

    CrossRefPubMed
50. 50.↵
    1. Nobel JM,
    2. van Geel K,
    3. Robben SGF

    . Structured reporting in radiology: a systematic review to explore its potential. Eur Radiol 2022;32:2837–54 doi:10.1007/s00330-021-08327-5 pmid:34652520

    CrossRefPubMed