Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Radar plot representation of the neck vessel differences between patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls. Significant correlations are in boldface.
- Fig 2.
Comparison of main and secondary vessel number and cross-sectional area on a 2D-MRV sequence at 4 cervical levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (4 corresponding panels on the left) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (4 corresponding panels on the right). VV indicates vertebral vein; L, left; R, right. Green color represents the secondary vessels, red color represents the CCA, ICA, EAC, and VA, while blue represents the IJV.
Tables
- Table 1:
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 193) and healthy controls (n = 193)a
MS (n = 193) HC (n = 193) P Value Female (No.) (%) 130 (67.4) 130 (67.4) 1.000 Age (mean) (SD) (yr) 42.2 (13.9) 42.9 (17.5) .676 BMI (mean) (SD) 26.8 (5.8) 26.8 (5.7) .94 Disease duration (mean) (SD) (yr) 12.0 (9.4) NA – EDSS (median) (range) 2 (0.0–6.5) NA – Smoking history (No.) (%) 73 (46.8) 58 (32.4) .005b Heart disease (No.) (%) 30 (19.7) 20 (12.4) .053 Hypertension (No.) (%) 38 (25.3) 19 (11.3) .001b - Table 2:
Correlations of arterial, venous, and secondary neck vessel frequency and the cross-sectional area with age and BMI in study groupsa
Age Body Mass Index MS (n = 193) HC (n = 193) MS (n = 193) HC (n = 193) R Value P Value R Value P Value R Value P Value R Value P Value Arterial CSA (mm2) C2/3 −0.156 .031b −0.163 .023b 0.130 .085 0.059 .449 C4 0.075 .298 0.045 .534 0.037 .626 −0.017 .830 C5/6 0.103 .156 0.122 .092 0.136 .073 0.095 .224 C7/T1 −0.049 .502 −0.003 .968 0.085 .266 0.047 .548 IJV CSA (mm2) C2/3 0.257 <.001b 0.150 .37 0.098 .198 0.083 .287 C4 0.255 <.001b 0.177 .14b 0.146 .054 0.139 .075 C5/6 0.196 .006b 0.252 <.001b 0.339 <.001b 0.231 .003b C7/T1 0.187 .009b 0.327 <.001b 0.375 <.001b 0.344 <.001b Secondary CSA (mm2) C2/3 0.039 .594 −0.060 .404 −0.192 .011b −0.074 .347 C4 0.112 .122 −0.040 .584 −0.229 .002b −0.121 .121 C5/6 0.047 .518 0.028 .696 −0.214 .004b −0.064 .417 C7/T1 0.061 .398 −0.049 .498 −0.078 .307 −0.065 .405 No. of vessels C2/3 0.013 .860 −0.149 .039b −0.204 .007b −0.153 .050b C4 −0.460 .527 −0.211 .003b −0.292 <.001b −0.316 <.001b C5/6 −0.076 .294 −0.141 .050b −0.333 <.001b −0.251 .001b C7/T1 −0.060 .406 −0.155 .031b −0.180 .017b −0.174 .025b - Table 3:
Arterial, venous, and secondary neck vessel frequency and the cross-sectional area in the study groupsa
Primary Vessel (CSA) (mm2) Arterial and Venous Arterial (VAs) MS (n = 193) HC (n = 193) P Value MS (n = 193) HC (n = 193) P Value Arterial (CCA/ICA/ECA) C2/C3 55.1 (16.4) 60.9 (17.9) .030b 20.1 (4.4) 21.8 (5.8) .02b C4 60.8 (15.7) 63.4 (16.3) .229 18.6 (4.2) 20.3 (5.0) .012b C5/C6 50.1 (10.1) 53.9 (12.5) .026b 18.1 (6.9) 19.3 (4.7) .341 C7/T1 47.6 (9.8) 52 (9.9) .005b 16.3 (4.5) 18.4 (5.9) .006b Venous (IJVs) C2/C3 64.9 (27.4) 66.0 (31.6) .621 C4 86.9 (35.9) 91.1 (41.0) .140 C5/C6 92.3 (57.1) 97.4 (60.2) .418 C7/T1 113.3 (67.0) 117.9 (79.3) .790 - Table 4:
Secondary neck vessel frequency and the cross-sectional area in the study groupsa
No. of Vessels CSA (mm2) MS (n = 193) HC (n = 193) P Value MS (n = 193) HC (n = 193) P Value Secondary vessels C2/C3 12.9 (5.4) 10 (4.2) <.001b 92.1 (40.6) 81.6 (35.5) .016b C4 9.1 (4.2) 7.5 (3.3) <.001b 71.0 (33.7) 65.3 (28.7) .022b C5/C6 7.8 (3.9) 6.8 (3.4) .012b 61.9 (32.2) 57.2 (28.2) .028b C7/T1 8.8 (4.9) 6 (3.5) <.001b 71.1 (40.5) 56.7 (32.5) <.001b
