Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Graphic representation of observed occlusive disease per segment. The area of the circle is proportional to the observed rate. A, Rate of symptomatic (right patient side, blue circles) and asymptomatic arterial occlusions (left patient side, green circles). B, Rate of symptomatic (right patient side, yellow circles) and asymptomatic arterial stenoses (left patient side, pink circles).
Tables
- Table 1:
Patient characteristics and univariate comparison with the patients excluded for radiologic reasonsa
Study Population (N = 2209) Excluded Patients (n = 443) P Value No. % or IQR No. % or IQR Female sex (%) 929 42.1 216 48.8 <.01 Age (yr) (IQR) 72 21 77 24 <.01 Risk factors Hypertension (%) 1268 66.9 318 71.8 .02 Heart valves (%) 61 3.2 11 2.5 .51 Coronary artery disease (%) 295 15.5 80 18.1 .20 Dyslipidemia (%) 1325 69.5 270 60.9 <.01 Diabetes (%) 331 17.4 82 18.5 .34 Atrial fibrillation (%) 480 25.2 141 31.8 <.01 Low ejection fraction (%) 91 4.7 24 5.4 .60 Smoking (%) 807 42.3 160 36.1 .06 Stroke mechanism Atherosclerosis (%) 304 13.8 99 22.3 .05 Undetermined (%) 553 25 92 20.8 .06 Cardiac (%) 641 29 145 32.7 .12 Lacunar/microangiopathic (%) 269 12.2 62 14.0 .19 Dissections (%) 107 4.8 14 3.2 .07 PFO/other determined/rare (%) 159 7.2 40 9.0 .07 Multiple/coexisting (%) 118 5.3 21 4.7 .48 NIHSS admission (IQR) 7 12 5 9 <.01 Onset-to-CT delay (IQR) (min) 275 565 420 667 <.01 Door-to-CT delay (IQR) (min) 183 469 380 771 <.01 Note:—IQR indicates interquartile range; PFO, patent foramen ovale.
↵a Values are expressed as medians and IQR for continuous variables or absolute counts and percentage for categoric variables unless otherwise stated.
- Table 2:
Distribution of arterial occlusive disease in numbers and rates, given per patient (N = 2209)a
Circulation Ischemic Territory Subtotal for Ischemic Territory All Abnormalities (Related to Ischemia or Not) No Relevant Abnormalities Occlusion Stenosis Occlusion and/or Stenosis Occlusion and/or Stenosis Extracranial abnormalities per segment Extracranial ICA or CCA 206 9.3% 165 7.5% 369 16.7% 437 19.8% 1772 80.2% Extracranial vertebral 51 2.3% 26 1.2% 75 3.4% 139 6.3% 2070 93.7% Subtotal extracranial abnormalities 257 11.6% 190 8.6% 442 20.0% 543 24.6% 1666 75.4% Isolated extracranial abnormalities 35 1.6% 103 4.7% 136 6.2% 231 10.5% 1978 89.5% Intracranial abnormalities per patient Anterior intracranial 429 19.4% 88 4.0% 508 23.0% 534 24.2% 1675 75.8% Posterior intracranial 96 4.4% 51 2.3% 135 6.1% 174 7.9% 2035 92.1% Subtotal intracranial abnormalities 523 23.7% 135 6.1% 633 28.7% 683 30.9% 1526 69.1% Isolated intracranial abnormalities 519 23.5% 133 6.0% 627 28.4% 669 30.3% 1526 69.1% Total extra- and intracranial circulation per patient 780 35.3% 325 14.7% 1075 48.7% 1226 55.5% 983 44.5% Note:—CCA indicates common carotid artery.
↵a The totals and subtotals may be smaller than the sum of the columns because patients may have arterial occlusive disease simultaneously in different segments or on different levels.
Circulation Ischemic territory Subtotal Ischemic All Abnormalities (Related to Ischemia or Not) No Relevant Abnormalities Segments Occlusion Stenosis Occlusion or Stenosis Occlusion or Stenosis Extracranial abnormalities per segment in 2209 patients (n = 50,807 segments) Extracranial ICA or CCA 207 4.7% 167 3.8% 374 8.5% 520 11.8% 3898 88.2% V1–3 59 1.3% 29 0.7% 88 2.0% 160 3.6% 4258 96.4% Subtotal extracranial 266 3.0% 196 2.2% 462 5.2% 680 7.7% 8156 92.3% Intracranial abnormalities per segment Carotid siphon without T 85 1.9% 47 1.1% 132 3.0% 172 3.9% 4246 96.1% Carotid siphon with T 124 2.8% — 0.0% 124 2.8% 125 2.8% 4293 97.2% MCA: M1 405 9.2% 54 1.2% 457 10.3% 480 10.9% 3938 89.1% MCA: M2–3 only 226 5.1% 42 1.0% 268 6.1% 279 6.3% 4139 93.7% ACA: A1 104 2.4% 11 0.3% 115 2.6% 130 2.9% 4288 97.1% ACA: A2–3 only 9 0.2% 3 0.1% 12 0.3% 14 0.3% 4404 99.7% Subtotal anterior intracranial 953 3.6% 157 0.6% 1108 4.2% 1200 4.5% 25,308 95.5% PCA: P1 41 0.9% 10 0.2% 51 1.2% 71 1.6% 4347 98.4% PCA: P2–3 only 33 0.8% 13 0.3% 46 1.0% 64 1.5% 4354 98.6% V4 73 1.7% 30 0.7% 103 2.3% 148 3.4% 4270 96.7% BA 55 2.5% 26 1.2% 81 3.7% 96 4.4% 2113 95.7% Subtotal posterior intracranial 202 1.3% 79 0.5% 281 1.8% 379 2.5% 15,084 97.6% Subtotal intracranial 1155 2.8% 236 0.7% 1389 3.3% 1579 3.8% 40,392 96.2% Subtotal anterior circulation 1160 3.8% 324 1.0% 1482 4.8% 1720 5.6% 29,206 94.4% Subtotal posterior circulation 261 1.3% 108 0.5% 369 1.9% 539 2.7% 19,342 97.3% Total extra- and intracranial abnormalities per segment 1421 2.8% 432 0.9% 1851 3.6% 2259 4.5% 48,548 95.5% Note:—ACA indicates anterior cerebral artery; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; BA, basilar artery; CCA, common carotid artery.
↵a For each arterial segment, numbers and rates are given. Subtotal and total rates are calculated by dividing by all segments in the subtotal/total. A single patient may have several pathologic arterial segments.
Per Patient (Table 2) Per Segment (Table 3) OR 95% CI OR 95% CI Anterior vs posterior circulation strokes 6.7 5.6–7.9 2.8 2.5–3.1 Intracranial segments 4.6 3.7–5.6 2.5 2.2–2.8 Extracranial segments 5.8 4.5–7.4 4.6 3.7–5.9 Intracranial vs extracranial localization 1.6 1.4–1.8 0.6 0.6–0.8 Anterior circulation 1.5 1.3–1.7 0.5 0.4–0.5 Posterior circulation 1.8 1.4–2.4 0.9 0.7–1.2 Tandem pattern: anterior vs posterior circulation 5.0 3.7–6.7 – – ↵a Results are expressed as odds ratios plus 95% confidence intervals.
