Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
3D representations of the neuroanatomic regions examined in the current study (only 1 hemisphere is shown). All of the neocortical regions are visible in the lateral (A) and medial (B) views of the gray matter surface, and the 2 non-neocortical regions (ie, the hippocampus and amygdala, C) are visible in the coronal view of a T1-weighted MR image. Regions illustrated in red constitute the AD-vulnerable region of interest (for further details please see text).
- Fig. 2.
Box-and-whisker plots for all healthy control participants illustrating entorhinal cortex atrophy rate, measured as annualized percentage change (APC) based on CSF p-τ and CSF Aβ status (A) and ε4 genotype and CSF Aβ status (B). For each plot, thick black lines show the median value. Regions above and below the black line show the upper and lower quartiles, respectively. The dashed lines extend to the minimum and maximum values with outliers shown as open circles. As illustrated in A, the pτ+/Aβ+ HC demonstrate the largest cortical atrophy rate (ie, more negative percentage change). In comparison as noted in B, the ε4+/Aβ+ HC show equivalent rates of atrophy compared with the other groups.
- Fig. 3.
A conceptual model of AD-associated neurodegeneration in the preclinical phase of the disease process based on data from our mixed-effects models (please see text for details). The thickness of the arrows illustrates the magnitude of effect. The circle with a dot inside illustrates an interactive effect, the plus sign illustrates a positive effect, and X illustrates no significant effect.
Tables
- Table 1:
Demographic, clinical, and imaging data for all older HC in this study, as assessed by P-τ and Aβ status
P-τ−/Aβ− (n = 46) P-τ−/Aβ+ (n = 20) P-τ+/Aβ− (n = 19) P-τ+/Aβ+ (n = 21) P Value Age (yr) (mean) (SE) 74.3 (0.6) 74.9 (1.1) 78.0 (1.4) 78.2 (1.0) .02a Female (%) 24 31 29 38 .59b Education (yr) (mean) (SE) 15.5 (0.4) 14.8 (0.8) 15.5 (0.4) 16.7 (0.6) .34a Baseline MMSE (mean) (SE) 29.1 (0.1) 29.1 (0.2) 28.8 (0.3) 29.3 (0.2) .46a Entorhinal cortex APC (mean) (SE) −0.6 (0.15) −0.6 (0.18) −0.6 (0.18) −1.2 (0.25) .005c AD-vulnerable ROI APC (mean) (SE) −0.6 (0.08) −0.5 (0.11) −0.7 (0.14) −1.1 (0.14) .002c - Table 2:
Demographic, clinical, and imaging data for all older HC in this study, as assessed by APOE ε4 and Aβ status
ε4−/Aβ− (n = 61) ε4−/Aβ+ (n = 21) ε4+/Aβ− (n = 5) ε4+/Aβ+ (n = 20) P Value Age (yr) (mean) (SE) 75.7 (0.7) 76.2 (0.9) 71.7 (2.5) 77.1 (1.3) .56a Female (%) 54 54 20 35 .23b Education (yr) (mean) (SE) 15.6 (0.3) 15.9 (0.6) 15 (1.1) 15.6 (0.8) .98a Baseline MMSE (mean) (SE) 29.1 (0.1) 29.4 (0.2) 28.6 (0.9) 29 (0.2) .73a Entorhinal cortex APC (mean) (SE) −0.57 (0.13) −0.67 (0.17) −0.43 (0.30) −1.17 (0.28) .35c AD-vulnerable ROI APC (mean) (SE) −0.6 (0.07) −0.78 (0.14) −0.65 (0.23) −1.0 (0.16) .28c
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