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AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Research ArticleSpine Imaging and Spine Image-Guided Interventions
Open Access

Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study

G.M. Karwacki and J.F. Schneider
American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2012, 33 (10) 1882-1887; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3105
G.M. Karwacki
aFrom the Departments of Radiology (G.M.K.)
bPediatric Radiology (G.M.K., J.F.S.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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J.F. Schneider
bPediatric Radiology (G.M.K., J.F.S.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    Two examples of absence of ventral ossification center of the AAA. A, Large nonossified AAA in a 2-year-old child. B, Midline cartilaginous gap at the AAA in a 12-year-old child.

  • Fig 2.
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    Fig 2.

    Singular midline OC pattern at the AAA. A, 5-month-old child with already large midline OC and large ventrolateral synchondroses. B, A 2.5-year-old child with progressive ossification of the chondral AAA anlage from both the central OC and the lateral masses of the atlas. C, 7-year-old child with complete ossification of the AAA but still-visible ventrolateral synchondroses.

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    Fig 3.

    Multiple OC patterns at the AAA. A, 3-year-old child with 2 OCs paramedially located. B, A 2.5-year-old child with 3 irregular OCs within the AAA.

  • Fig 4.
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    Fig 4.

    Ossification timetable of the anterior atlas arch.

  • Fig 5.
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    Fig 5.

    Different aspects of the PAA. A, Normal midline synchondrosis. B, Rare paramedial posterior synchondrosis. C, Rare midline OC within the PAA.

  • Fig 6.
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    Fig 6.

    Ossification timetable of the posterior atlas arch.

  • Fig 7.
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    Fig 7.

    Coronal (A) and sagittal (B) view of the neonatal axis with 5 OCs. A, While both club-shaped centers of the dens are already fused at birth, a midline vertical fusion line can still be perceived. B, Smooth cartilaginous rounded CHT at the top of the dens is best appreciated on the sagittal view.

  • Fig 8.
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    Fig 8.

    Ossification timetable of the subdental synchondrosis.

  • Fig 9.
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    Fig 9.

    Coronal view of ossification development of the axis. Children are of the following ages (A) 30 days, (B) 5 months, (C) 1.5 years, (D) 2 years, (E) 3 years, (F) 5 years, (G) 8.5 years, and (H) 14 years.

  • Fig 10.
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    Fig 10.

    Ossification timetable of the apicodental synchondrosis.

  • Fig 11.
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    Fig 11.

    Sagittal view of ossification development of the axis. Children are of the following ages: (A) 30 days, (B) 3 months, (C) 3 years, (D) 5 years, (E) 6.5 years, (F) 8 years, (G) 13 years, and (H) 16 years.

  • Fig 12.
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    Fig 12.

    Rare posterior ossification of the CHT resembled a dislocated fragment.

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    Fig 13.

    Large ossiculum terminale in an 8-year-old child and incomplete ossification of the ADS.

Tables

  • Figures
  • Number of CT examinations per age category

    Age (yrs)Patients
    046
    138
    235
    336
    431
    531
    625
    725
    833
    928
    1030
    1126
    1239
    1341
    1441
    1535
    166
    174
    Total550
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 33 (10)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 33, Issue 10
1 Nov 2012
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Cite this article
G.M. Karwacki, J.F. Schneider
Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1882-1887; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3105

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Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study
G.M. Karwacki, J.F. Schneider
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1882-1887; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3105
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