Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home

User menu

  • Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Journal of Neuroradiology
American Journal of Neuroradiology

American Journal of Neuroradiology

ASHNR American Society of Functional Neuroradiology ASHNR American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology ASSR
  • Alerts
  • Log in

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Follow AJNR on Twitter
  • Visit AJNR on Facebook
  • Follow AJNR on Instagram
  • Join AJNR on LinkedIn
  • RSS Feeds

AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Research ArticleSpine Imaging and Spine Image-Guided Interventions
Open Access

Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study

G.M. Karwacki and J.F. Schneider
American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2012, 33 (10) 1882-1887; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3105
G.M. Karwacki
aFrom the Departments of Radiology (G.M.K.)
bPediatric Radiology (G.M.K., J.F.S.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J.F. Schneider
bPediatric Radiology (G.M.K., J.F.S.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Ogden JA
    . Skeletal Injury in the Child Spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1990: 562–571
  2. 2.↵
    1. Ogden JA
    . Radiology of postnatal skeletal development. XI. The first cervical vertebra. Skeletal Radiol 1984;12:12–20
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  3. 3.↵
    1. Ogden JA,
    2. Murphy MJ,
    3. Southwick WO,
    4. et al
    . Radiology of postnatal skeletal development. XIII. C1–C2 interrelationships. Skeletal Radiol 1986;15:433–38
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Müller F,
    2. O'Rahilly R
    . Occipitocervical segmentation in staged human embryos. J Anat 1994;185:251–58
    PubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Lustrin ES,
    2. Karakas SP,
    3. Ortiz AO,
    4. et al
    . Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma. Radiographics 2003;23:539–60
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  6. 6.↵
    1. Ogden JA
    . Radiology of postnatal skeletal development. XII. The second cervical vertebra. Skeletal Radiol 1984;12:169–77
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. 7.↵
    1. Calvy TM,
    2. Segall HD,
    3. Gilles FH,
    4. et al
    . CT anatomy of the craniovertebral junction in infants and children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1987;8:489–94
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  8. 8.↵
    1. Piatt JH Jr.,
    2. Grissom LE
    . Developmental anatomy of the atlas and axis in childhood by computed tomography. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2011;8:235–43
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Hadley MN,
    2. Walters BC,
    3. Grabb PA,
    4. et al
    . Guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Clin Neurosurg 2002;49:407–98
    PubMed
  10. 10.↵
    1. Rajwani T,
    2. Bhargava R,
    3. Moreau M,
    4. et al
    . MRI characteristics of the neurocentral synchondrosis. Pediatr Radiol 2002;32:811–16
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Gehweiler JA Jr.,
    2. Daffner RH,
    3. Roberts L Jr.
    . Malformations of the atlas vertebra simulating the Jefferson fracture. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1983;140:1083–86
    PubMed
  12. 12.↵
    1. Smoker WR
    . Craniovertebral junction: normal anatomy, craniometry, and congenital anomalies. Radiographics 1994;14:255–77
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. Haakonsen M,
    2. Gudmundsen TE,
    3. Histol O
    . Midline anterior and posterior atlas clefts may simulate a Jefferson fracture. A report of 2 cases. Acta Orthop Scand 1995;66:369–71
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Scheuer JL,
    2. Black SM
    . The Juvenile Skeleton. London: Academic Press; 2004
  15. 15.↵
    1. Geipel P
    . Studies on the fissure formation of the atlas and epistropheus. IV. [in German] Zentralbl Allg Pathol 1955;94:19–84
    PubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Swischuk LE
    . The cervical spine in childhood. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 1984;13:1–26
    PubMed
  17. 17.↵
    1. Castellana C,
    2. Kosa F
    . Morphology of the cervical vertebrae in the fetal-neonatal human skeleton. J Anat 1999;194:147–52
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Wollin DG
    . The os odontoideum. Separate odontoid process. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1963;45:1459–71
    PubMedWeb of Science
  19. 19.↵
    1. Fielding JW,
    2. Hensinger RN,
    3. Hawkins RJ
    . Os odontoideum. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1980;62:376–83
    PubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.↵
    1. Sankar WN,
    2. Wills BP,
    3. Dormans JP,
    4. et al
    . Os odontoideum revisited: the case for a multifactorial etiology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31:979–84
    CrossRef
  21. 21.↵
    1. Amling M,
    2. Posl M,
    3. Wening VJ,
    4. et al
    . Structural heterogeneity within the axis: the main cause in the etiology of dens fractures. A histomorphometric analysis of 37 normal and osteoporotic autopsy cases. J Neurosurg 1995;83:330–35
    CrossRefPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Roche C,
    2. Carty H
    . Spinal trauma in children. Pediatr Radiol 2001;31:677–700
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. 23.↵
    1. Gebauer M,
    2. Lohse C,
    3. Barvencik F,
    4. et al
    . Subdental synchondrosis and anatomy of the axis in aging: a histomorphometric study on 30 autopsy cases. Eur Spine J 2006;15:292–98
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Swischuk LE,
    2. John SD,
    3. Moorthy C
    . The os terminale—os odontoideum complex. Emerg Radiol 1997;4:72–81
    CrossRef
  25. 25.↵
    1. DeWald RL,
    2. Arlet V,
    3. Carl AL,
    4. et al.
    1. Ogden JA,
    2. Ganey TM
    (2003) Development and maturation of the spine and spinal cord. In: DeWald RL, Arlet V, Carl AL, et al., eds. Spinal Deformities. The Comprehensive Text. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2003: 54–71
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

American Journal of Neuroradiology: 33 (10)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 33, Issue 10
1 Nov 2012
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cite this article
G.M. Karwacki, J.F. Schneider
Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1882-1887; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3105

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Share
Bookmark this article
Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study
G.M. Karwacki, J.F. Schneider
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1882-1887; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3105
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Purchase

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • ABBREVIATIONS:
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • The growth pattern of Neandertals, reconstructed from a juvenile skeleton from El Sidron (Spain)
  • Crossref
  • Google Scholar

This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

More in this TOC Section

  • Management Outcomes For VO Spine Biopsy
  • Characteristics of SIH Type I Culprit Lesions
  • Advanced Imaging of Type 2 Spinal CSF Leaks
Show more Spine Imaging and Spine Image-Guided Interventions

Similar Articles

Advertisement

Indexed Content

  • Current Issue
  • Accepted Manuscripts
  • Article Preview
  • Past Issues
  • Editorials
  • Editor's Choice
  • Fellows' Journal Club
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Video Articles

Cases

  • Case Collection
  • Archive - Case of the Week
  • Archive - Case of the Month
  • Archive - Classic Case

More from AJNR

  • Trainee Corner
  • Imaging Protocols
  • MRI Safety Corner
  • Book Reviews

Multimedia

  • AJNR Podcasts
  • AJNR Scantastics

Resources

  • Turnaround Time
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Submit a Video Article
  • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
  • Statistical Tips
  • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
  • Graphical Abstract Preparation
  • Imaging Protocol Submission
  • Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
  • Publishing Checklists
  • Author Policies
  • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
  • News and Updates

About Us

  • About AJNR
  • Editorial Board
  • Editorial Board Alumni
  • Alerts
  • Permissions
  • Not an AJNR Subscriber? Join Now
  • Advertise with Us
  • Librarian Resources
  • Feedback
  • Terms and Conditions
  • AJNR Editorial Board Alumni

American Society of Neuroradiology

  • Not an ASNR Member? Join Now

© 2025 by the American Society of Neuroradiology All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

Powered by HighWire