Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Example of the segmentation procedure for macroscopic CSF and lesions distinct from lacunes.
A, Axial view image of the b0 map from fluid-attenuated data.
B, Mean diffusivity map from fluid-attenuated data obtained before segmentation.
C, Mean diffusivity map from standard data obtained before segmentation.
D, Mean diffusivity map from standard data obtained after segmentation for macroscopic CSF and lesions. The segmentation masks for macroscopic CSF and for lesions were obtained from the fluid-attenuated b0 maps (shown in A).
- Fig 2.
Mean diffusivity histograms obtained from fluid-attenuated (upper panel) and standard (lower panel) data sets. Mean diffusivity histograms of whole brain (blue line), normal appearing brain tissue (green line), and lesions (red line) of patients with CADASIL and of control participants (black line). Standard histograms are broader with a pronounced asymmetry toward higher values of mean diffusivity.
- Fig 3.
Scatterplot of the difference between average mean diffusivity from standard and fluid-suppressed histograms (Δ average mean diffusivity) for whole brain parenchyma versus physical disability (Rankin score).
- Fig 4.
Scatterplot of average mean diffusivity from fluid-attenuated images of whole brain parenchyma versus the normalized volume of nonlacunar T2 lesions in patients with CADASIL.
Tables
- TABLE 1:
Mean diffusivity histogram-derived measures obtained from fluid-attenuated and standard data sets of patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy and healthy control participants
Fluid-Attenuated Mean (SD) Standard Mean (SD) CADASIL WBP Average D̄ (10−3 mm2/s) 0.807 (0.054) 0.935 (0.074)* Peak location (10−3 mm2/s) 0.728 (0.024) 0.764 (0.043)** NAB Average D̄ (10−3 mm2/s) 0.762 (0.025) 0.901 (0.056)* Peak location (10−3 mm2/s) 0.727 (0.024) 0.764 (0.042)** Lesions Average D̄ (10−3 mm2/s) 1.210 (0.060) 1.252 (0.073)* Peak location (10−3 mm2/s) 1.125 (0.117) 1.140 (0.165)ns Control WBP Average D̄ (10−3 mm2/s) 0.689 (0.015) 0.798 (0.027)* Peak location (10−3 mm2/s) 0.669 (0.017) 0.667 (0.035)ns Note.—CADASIL indicates cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; WBP, whole brain parenchyma; NAB, normal appearing brain tissue; D̄ mean diffusivity. Note that control NAB is congruent with control WBP.
* P < .001.
** P < .01.
ns, Not significant, within group paired t test comparing standard and fluid-attenuated images.
- TABLE 2:
Correlations between mean diffusivity histogram-derived measures and Rankin disability score and T2 lesion load in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
Rankin Score T2 Lesion Load Average D̄ of WBP Fluid-suppressed SRCC = 0.308, ns r = 0.928* Standard SRCC = 0.660† r = 0.859* Average D̄ of NAB Fluid-suppressed SRCC = 0.307, ns r = 0.786* Standard SRCC = 0.741* r = 0.743* Δ av D̄ WBP SRCC = 0.915* nd Δ av D̄ NAB SRCC = 0.889* nd Note.—D̄ indicates mean diffusivity; WBP, whole brain parenchyma; SRCC, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; ns, not significant; r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; NAB, normal appearing brain; Δ av D̄ = average mean diffusivity from standard images; nd, not done.
* Significant at the Bonferroni-corrected level.
† Significant at the uncorrected level.
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- Brain Volume and Diffusion Markers as Predictors of Disability and Short-Term Disease Evolution in Multiple Sclerosis
- Lacunar lesions are independently associated with disability and cognitive impairment in CADASIL
- Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Histograms as a Surrogate Marker and Predictor of Disease Progression in CADASIL: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study