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Fifteen patients with retinoblastoma were assessed with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI over a period of 8 minutes; late contrast enhancement was also studied. The authors found that during the early phase of the perfusion studies the time curve correlated with microvessel density whereas late enhancement correlated with tumor necrosis. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI may be used to assess angiogenesis and necrosis and may be used to monitor treatment.

This article compares radiation exposure from CTA and DSA used to evaluate the extra- and intracranial circulations. Experiments were performed on a phantom using a 64-section CT scanner and biplane DSA. The authors concluded that the effective dose for CTA assessment of cerebral vessels was approximately one-fifth the dose compared with DSA. In the imaging of cervicocerebral vessels, the effective dose for CTA was approximately one-third higher compared with DSA.