Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Examples illustrating the various patterns observed with respect to bilateral signal change in the GP in kernicterus. The upper row displays pattern I, characterized by a diffuse signal increase on T1WI (arrows), while T2WI shows no abnormalities (sample case one, 2 weeks). The middle row represents pattern IIa, where T1WI appears normal, but there is a diffuse signal increase on T2WI (arrows) and FLAIR (arrows), (sample case three, 11 months of age). The lower row shows pattern IIb, featuring normal T1WI findings and a signal increase on T2WI (arrows) and FLAIR (arrows), limited to the borders (sample case two, 2 years 10 months of age).
- FIG 2.
The temporal progression of the GP signal changes in 8 patients. A bilateral signal change in the GP is the characteristic sign of kernicterus. In the neonatal period, hyperintensity is observed on T1WI (arrows). However, at approximately 2 months of age, a “blind diagnostic window” is encountered, where neither T1WI nor T2WI/FLAIR show abnormal findings. Subsequently, during infancy, there is signal hyperintensity of the entire GP on T2WI/FLAIR (arrows). After around 2 years, the signal hyperintensity on T2/FLAIR is limited to the borders of the GP (arrows). IR indicates inversion recovery; corr., corrected age related to gestational age.
- FIG 3.
Case 2 demonstrates the typical temporal sequence in a single patient (patient 2). The initial MR imaging was performed at approximately 2 months of age, revealing no abnormalities (illustrated on T1WI, left). At 9 months of age (middle), the entire GP exhibited a diffuse signal increase on T2WI (pattern IIa, arrows). At 34 months of age (right), a signal increase on T2WI was observed solely at the borders of the GP (pattern IIb, arrows).
- FIG 4.
Hippocampal volume loss is illustrated in patient 8 at the age of 11.5 years. The coronal T1WI (left) displays the head of the hippocampus only as filiform structures (arrows), resulting in enlarged temporal horns, as also depicted in the axial T2WI (arrows, middle). Both the external and internal spaces are globally enlarged (axial T2WI, right). The right images highlights the bilateral signal changes in the GP (arrows), indicative of pattern IIb.
Tables
Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Dyskinetic CP Movement disorder with onset after infancy Developmental delay since neonatal period Progressive disorder Hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal period Other explanatory causes Hearing impairment Vertical gaze palsy Dental enamel dysplasia
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.