DTI of Opioid-Exposed Fetuses Using ComBat Harmonization: A Bi-Institutional Study

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FIG 1.
Illustration of atlas-based WM regions outlined in coronal, axial, and sagittal directions. The examples of the brain regions include the following: 1) middle cerebellar peduncle; 2) genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum; and 3) bilateral anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule.
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FIG 2.
Plots of FA, adjusted for age, by group in 8 deep WM structures showing opioid-exposed fetuses with higher FA compared with controls.
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FIG 3.
Plots of AD, adjusted for age, by group in 11 deep WM structures showing opioid-exposed fetuses with higher AD compared with controls.

Demographic information and additional substance exposure

	Controls (n = 15)	Opioid-Exposed (n = 11)	P Value
Maternal age (mean) (yr)	28. 5 (SD, 4.9)	27.8 (SD, 6.1)	.73
GA (mean) (wk)	31.77 (SD, 1.68)	32.61 (SD, 2.35)	.3
Sex (% male)	80% (12/15)	54.5% (6/11)	.18
Nicotine exposure	0%	40% (4/10)^{^a}
Other illicit drug exposure^{^b}	0%	40% (4/10)^{^a}
Both	0%	20% (2/10)^{^a}

↵a One patient in the opioid-exposed group preferred not to answer these questions.
↵b Illicit drug exposure inquiries included marijuana, cocaine, amphetamine or methamphetamine, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines.