Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE.
Comparison between the high- and low-CAVI groups. For TBSS, the low- and high-CAVI groups were compared (family-wise error–corrected P < .05, adjusting for age, sex, antihypertensive therapy use, intracranial volume, and systolic blood pressure). Red–yellow voxels demonstrate significantly higher RD and ISOVF values in the high-CAVI group than in the low-CAVI group. Blue–light blue voxels illustrate a significantly lower MVF value in the high-CAVI group than in the low-CAVI group.
Tables
All Participants(n = 110) High-CAVI (n = 60) Low-CAVI (n = 50) High- vs Low-CAVI (P Value) Sex (men/female) 66:44 37:23 29:21 .70 Age (yr) 72.65 (SD, 4.90) 72.72 (SD, 5.00) 72.58 (SD, 4.82) .96 Mean CAVI 9.12 (SD, 0.84) 9.71 (SD, 0.57) 8.41 (SD, 0.46) <.001 Antihypertensive therapy 71 43 28 .09 Education (yr) 14.31 (SD, 2.11) 14.30 (SD, 2.09) 14.32 (SD, 2.15) .96 Body mass index 22.54 (SD, 2.84) 22.79 (SD, 2.54) 22.24 (SD, 3.16) .31 Systolic blood pressure 137.47 (SD, 15.67) 139.60 (SD, 15.21) 134.92 (SD, 16.00) .12 Diastolic blood pressure 86.05 (SD, 9.35) 86.52 (SD, 8.49) 85.48 (SD, 10.34) .56 Heart rate 65.70 (SD, 23.73) 66.16 (SD, 33.88) 65.31 (SD, 9.85) .85 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Japanese version) 25.19 (SD, 2.87) 25.31 (SD, 2.95) 25.04 (SD, 2.66) .61 Mini-Mental State Examination 27.93 (SD, 1.68) 28.07 (SD, 1.59) 27.76 (SD, 1.78) .34 TMT A 42.51 (SD, 13.90) 43.32 (SD, 14.24) 41.54 (SD, 13.56) .51 TMT B 115.82 (SD, 50.38) 116.78 (SD, 40.22) 114.66 (SD, 60.80) .83 TMT B minus A 73.31 (SD, 44.11) 73.47 (SD, 36.01) 73.12 (SD, 52.60) .97 Periventricular hyperintensity 1.14 (SD, 0.39) 1.17 (SD, 0.42) 1.10 (SD, 0.36) .372 Deep and subcortical WM hyperintensity 1.25 (SD, 0.53) 1.31 (SD, 0.60) 1.18 (SD, 0.48) .135 ↵a Data are means.
Diffusion MR Imaging Parameter Explanation DTI FA Overall direction of water diffusion in brain tissue Mean diffusivity The magnitude of isotropic diffusion in brain tissue Axial diffusivity The coefficient of diffusion across the long axis of the ellipsoid RD The coefficient of diffusion perpendicular to the long axis NODDI Intracellular volume fraction Neurite density based on intracellular diffusion Orientation dispersion index Dispersion of neurites in the intracellular compartment ISOVF The measure of extracellular water diffusion - Table 3:
Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, antihypertensive therapy, systolic blood pressure, and intracranial volume for the association of mean CAVI with WM metrics in specific regions
Univariate Linear Regression Multivariate Linear Regression P β P β RD ATR .121 0.149 .015 1.549 CC .075 0.171 CR .079 0.168 .004 −0.737 FMi .01 0.245 .061 0.296 IC .279 0.104 IFOF .163 0.134 ISOVF ATR .16 0.135 .014 −1.531 CC .036 0.2 CR .031 0.206 .005 0.596 FMi .037 0.2 IC .271 0.106 IFOF .123 0.148 MVF ATR .005 −0.265 CC .174 −0.13 CR .015 −0.231 FMi .028 −0.21 IC .009 −0.249 IFOF .019 −0.224 SLF .015 −0.231 .036 −0.218 - Table 4:
Partial correlation coefficients between WM metrics and TMT B, adjusted for age, sex, and educationa
All Participants High-CAVI Group Low-CAVI Group Corrected P Value r Corrected P Value r Corrected P Value r RD ATR .818 0.023 .898 −0.017 .545 0.090 CC .121 0.160 .658 0.078 .291 0.174 CR .046 0.220 .658 0.080 .107 0.307 FMi .016 0.288 .650 0.135 .013 0.436 IC .046 0.221 .650 0.152 .276 0.197 IFOF .050 0.206 .650 0.121 .246 0.228 ISOVF ATR .866 −0.016 .983 −0.008 .865 0.025 CC .669 0.094 .983 0.003 .437 0.183 CR .464 0.139 .983 0.055 .272 0.250 FMi .464 0.147 .983 0.044 .256 0.297 IC .822 0.059 .983 0.058 .865 0.047 IFOF .861 −0.035 .983 −0.108 .788 0.095 MVF ATR .042 −0.200 .549 −0.116 .054 −0.283 CC .042 −0.200 .659 −0.060 .051 −0.324 CR .022 −0.275 .549 −0.145 .027 −0.414 FMi .026 −0.235 .614 −0.086 .051 −0.306 IC .033 −0.219 .549 −0.134 .054 −0.283 ISOF .022 −0.250 .549 −0.121 .051 −0.331 SLF .022 −0.250 .549 −0.205 .051 −0.312 ↵a False discovery rate–corrected P value <.05.
- Table 5:
Partial correlation coefficients between WM metrics and TMT B minus A, adjusted for age, sex, and educationa
All Participants High-CAVI Group Low-CAVI Group Corrected P Value r Corrected P Value r Corrected P Value r RD ATR .286 0.104 .280 0.172 .846 0.029 CC .060 0.199 .270 0.191 .508 0.127 CR .019 0.262 .270 0.200 .162 0.283 FMi .006 0.315 .270 0.265 .143 0.329 IC .046 0.219 .270 0.203 .508 0.120 IFOF .136 0.154 .419 0.109 .508 0.164 ISOVF ATR .506 0.065 .333 0.187 .774 −0.053 CC .233 0.153 .344 0.156 .774 0.099 CR .201 0.178 .333 0.178 .774 0.156 FMi .120 0.225 .333 0.230 .774 0.176 IC .395 0.095 .333 0.176 .774 −0.043 IFOF .386 −0.110 .526 −0.102 .774 −0.051 MVF ATR .038 −0.232 .817 −0.207 .082 −0.256 CC .088 −0.166 .855 0.025 .017 −0.390 CR .038 −0.265 .817 −0.114 .008 −0.460 FMi .038 −0.232 .817 −0.074 .019 −0.363 IC .057 −0.192 .817 −0.083 .037 −0.314 IFOF .051 −0.211 .847 −0.048 .017 −0.388 SLF .057 −0.191 0.817 −0.088 .019 −0.358 ↵a False discovery rate–corrected P value <.05.
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