Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Different CT features. A, Plaque ulceration (arrow) is shown with the corresponding macroscopic specimen (F). B, Multiple coarse calcifications (white arrows) within the plaque are visible with the corresponding example in the H&M histologic view (G, arrow points at a calcification). The IPH is visible in H (white arrows) with the corresponding CTA that shows hypodense plaque in C (Hounsfield unit value = 18; white arrow). I, A stable plaque with a prominent fibrous cap with the major part of the plaque with collagenous connective tissue (black arrow) is shown with the corresponding CT section (D, white arrow). E, The presence of a hypodense plaque (Hounsfield unit = 37) with the corresponding histopathologic slide showing multiple inflammatory cells (J).
- FIG 2.
Upper row: Coregistered MPRAGE (A), T2-weighted TSE (B), pre- and postcontrast T1WI TSE MR images (C and D), and a corresponding histologic section (E) of a cross-section of the carotid artery with plaque. A large intraplaque hemorrhage can be recognized as a hyperintense region compared with surrounding muscle tissue in the bulk of the plaque on the MPRAGE image (arrow). Calcification can be identified as a region with hypointense signal on all 4 MR imaging weightings. On the postcontrast T1-weighted TSE image, the region with signal enhancement shows the fibrous cap (between the lumen and intraplaque hemorrhage). The disruption of this enhancement (white arrow) indicates that the fibrous cap is thin or ruptured at this location. Lower row: Coregistered TOF (F), pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted TSE MR images (G and H), and the corresponding histologic section (I) of a cross-section of the carotid artery with a plaque. An LRNC is present in the bulk of the plaque with no or slight contrast enhancement on the postcontrast T1WI (asterisk).
- FIG 3.
Roadmap graphic flow chart showing the 4 phases: key mover, early, mainstream, and full adoption. The lighter gray boxes represent the components of the various stages of the roadmap. RCT indicates randomized controlled trial; SOP, standard of practice; US, ultrasound.
Tables
AHA classification and AHA-MR imaging–based classification
AHA Classification Carotid MR Imaging–Based AHA Classification from Cai et al45 Type I: initial lesion with foam cells Type I–II: near-normal wall thickness, no calcification Type II: fatty streak with multiple foam cell layers Type III: pre-atheroma with extracellular lipid pools Type III: diffuse intimal thickening or small eccentric plaque with no calcification Type IV: atheroma with a confluent extracellular lipid core Type IV–V: plaque with a lipid or necrotic core surrounded by fibrous tissue with possible calcification Type V: fibroatheroma Type VI: complex plaque with possible surface defect, hemorrhage, or thrombus Type VI: complex plaque with possible surface defect, hemorrhage, or thrombus Type VII: calcified plaque Type VII: calcified plaque Type VIII: fibrotic plaque without lipid core Type VIII: fibrotic plaque without lipid core and with possible small calcifications
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