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Improved Turnaround Times | Median time to first decision: 12 days

Research ArticleNeurointervention

Emergency Conversion to General Anesthesia Is a Tolerable Risk in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy

F. Flottmann, H. Leischner, G. Broocks, T.D. Faizy, A. Aigner, M. Deb-Chatterji, G. Thomalla, J. Krauel, M. Issleib, J. Fiehler and C. Brekenfeld
American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6321
F. Flottmann
aFrom the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.F., H.L., G.B., T.D.F., J.F., C.B.)
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H. Leischner
aFrom the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.F., H.L., G.B., T.D.F., J.F., C.B.)
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G. Broocks
aFrom the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.F., H.L., G.B., T.D.F., J.F., C.B.)
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T.D. Faizy
aFrom the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.F., H.L., G.B., T.D.F., J.F., C.B.)
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A. Aigner
bInstitute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology (A.A.)
eInstitute of Public Health (A.A.), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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M. Deb-Chatterji
cDepartments of Neurology (M.D.-C., G.T.)
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G. Thomalla
cDepartments of Neurology (M.D.-C., G.T.)
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J. Krauel
dAnaesthesiology (J.K., M.I.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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M. Issleib
dAnaesthesiology (J.K., M.I.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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J. Fiehler
aFrom the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.F., H.L., G.B., T.D.F., J.F., C.B.)
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C. Brekenfeld
aFrom the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.F., H.L., G.B., T.D.F., J.F., C.B.)
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    Fig 1.

    Adjusted odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence intervals comparing patients after emergency conversion with those who received local anesthesia, conscious sedation, and primary general anesthesia for successful reperfusion and functional independence. Successful reperfusion is TICI 2b/3 on the final angiogram, P = .002, for global differences across all groups (likelihood-ratio χ2 test). Functional independence was mRS at 90 days ≤ 2, P = .12, for global differences across all groups (likelihood-ratio χ2 test). Results are derived from logistic regression models, adjusted for confounders (age, sex, admission NIHSS, prestroke mRS >1, ASPECTS on admission imaging, comorbidities, application of IV thrombolysis, location of vessel occlusion and, additionally, TICI 2b/3 and occurrence of a drop of MAP in the analysis of functional independence) and based on 238 complete observations.

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    Table 1:

    Baseline characteristics

    Local Anesthesia Only (n = 94)CS (n = 76)Emergency Conversion to GA (n = 25)GA (n = 59)
    Age (mean) (SD) (yr)74.3 (11.2)71.7 (12.4)67.8 (13.9)71.0 (14.1)
    Female sex (No.) (%)55 (58.5%)36 (47.4%)12 (48.0%)31 (52.5%)
    Hypertension (No.) (%)66 (70.2%)54 (71.1%)15 (60.0%)37 (62.7%)
    Diabetes mellitus (No.) (%)15 (16.0%)17 (22.4%)4 (16.0%)9 (15.3%)
    Dyslipidemia (No.) (%)11 (11.7%)13 (17.1%)2 (8.0%)11 (18.6%)
    Atrial fibrillation (No.) (%)42 (44.7%)27 (35.5%)7 (28.0%)24 (40.7%)
    Active smoker (No.) (%)11 (11.7%)10 (13.2%)2 (8.0%)10 (16.9%)
    Systolic blood pressure at admission (mean) (SD) (mm Hg)154 (28.0)162 (27.9)166 (22.8)156 (33.9)
    Pre-Stroke mRS ≥214 (14.9%)12 (15.8%)2 (8.0%)11 (18.6%)
    Initial NIHSS (median) (Q1–Q3)15.0 (11–18)15.0 (11.0–18.0)17.0 (13.0–19.0)18.0 (15.0–20.5)
    Initial ASPECTS (median) (Q1–Q3)8 (7–9)8 (6–8)7 (5–9)7 (6–8)
    Collaterals on CTAa2 (1–3)2 (1–3)2 (1–3)2 (1–2)
    Initial occlusion site (No.) (%)
        Left hemisphere130 (51.2%)46 (48.9%)39 (51.3%)13 (52.0%)
        Tandem occlusion11 (11.7%)14 (18.4%)3 (12.0%)9 (15.3%)
        ICA (non-terminal)6 (6.38%)4 (5.26%)1 (4.00%)3 (5.08%)
        ICA (terminal segment)9 (9.57%)18 (23.7%)3 (12.0%)15 (25.4%)
        M1 proximal32 (34.0%)19 (25.0%)13 (52.0%)22 (37.3%)
        M1 distal21 (22.3%)13 (17.1%)2 (8.00%)7 (11.9%)
        M215 (16.0%)8 (10.5%)3 (12.0%)3 (5.08%)
    Intravenous tPA (No.) (%)57 (60.6%)46 (60.5%)17 (68.0%)32 (54.2%)
    Onset to admission (median) (Q1–Q3) (min)b176 (115–226)193 (124–236)131 (65.0–176)181 (139–239)
    • ↵a Available for 185 patients.

    • ↵b Available for 153 patients.

    • View popup
    Table 2:

    Procedural outcome

    Local AnesthesiaCSEmergency Conversion to GAGA
    MR imaging before intervention (No.) (%)20 (21.3%)10 (13.2%)3 (12.0%)4 (6.78%)
    Time from admission to imaging (median) (Q1–Q3)16.0 (10.8–23.2)13.5 (8–22.2)13.5 (9.75–20.2)18.0 (13.0–34.0)
    Time from imaging to groin puncture (median) (Q1–Q3)49.5 (40.0–65.5)51.0 (41.0–73.2)50.5 (37.0–61.5)77.5 (56.5–94.2)
    Time from groin puncture to flow restoration (median) (Q1–Q3)39.0 (24.8–61.2)47.0 (30.0–70.2)79.0 (60.0–110)51.5 (30.0–69.0)
    Time from admission to flow restoration (median) (Q1–Q3)110 (87.2–133)118 (94.8–140)138 (116–179)137 (114–177)
    Mechanical thrombectomy technique (No.) (%)
        Stent retriever only41 (43.6%)40 (52.6%)16 (64.0%)29 (49.2%)
        Aspiration only18 (19.1%)7 (9.21%)3 (12.0%)8 (13.6%)
        Both Stent retriever and aspiration21 (22.3%)24 (31.6%)6 (24.0%)15 (25.4%)
        No endovascular treatment attempt (spontaneous reperfusion or failure of access)14 (14.9%)5 (6.58%)0 (0%)7 (11.9%)
        Successful reperfusion (TICI 2b/3) (No.) (%)75 (79.8%)53 (69.7%)16 (64.0%)32 (54.2%)
    Periprocedural complications (No.) (%)
        Dissections5 (5.32%)1 (1.32%)1 (4.00%)1 (1.69%)
        Hypotonia (>25% drop of MAP)2 (2.13%)4 (5.26%)7 (28.0%)7 (11.9%)
    • View popup
    Table 3:

    Clinical outcomes

    Local AnesthesiaCSEmergency Conversion to GAGA
    Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (No.) (%)3 (3.19%)5 (6.58%)1 (4.00%)3 (5.08%)
    NIHSS at 24 hr (median) (Q1–Q3)9 (4–16.8)12.5 (6–20.0)19.0 (14.5–42.0)21.0 (15.0–42.0)
    Change in NIHSS at 24 hr (median) (Q1–Q3)–3 (–9.75–0.00)–1 (–8.00–4.00)0 (–2.50–21.5)3 (–1.00–9.50)
    mRS at 24 hr (median) (Q1–Q3)4 (3–5)5 (3–5)5 (5–5)5 (5-5)
    NIHSS at discharge (median) (Q1–Q3)6 (2–11.0)6 (2–13.0)10.5 (6.50–18.2)13.0 (10.0–18.0)
    mRS at discharge (median) (Q1–Q3)4 (2–5)4 (2–5)5 (3–5)5 (4–5)
    mRS at 90 days (median) (Q1–Q3)a4 (1.50–5)4 (2–6)5 (2–5)5 (4–6)
    mRS 0–2 at 90 days (No.) (%)a28 (32.2%)21 (29.2%)7 (28.0%)4 (7.41%)
    • ↵a Data were available for 87/94 patients (local anesthesia),72/76 patients (CS), 25/25 patients (emergency conversion), and 54/59 patients (GA).

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Emergency Conversion to General Anesthesia Is a Tolerable Risk in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy
F. Flottmann, H. Leischner, G. Broocks, T.D. Faizy, A. Aigner, M. Deb-Chatterji, G. Thomalla, J. Krauel, M. Issleib, J. Fiehler, C. Brekenfeld
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2019, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6321
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F. Flottmann, H. Leischner, G. Broocks, T.D. Faizy, A. Aigner, M. Deb-Chatterji, G. Thomalla, J. Krauel, M. Issleib, J. Fiehler, C. Brekenfeld
Emergency Conversion to General Anesthesia Is a Tolerable Risk in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2019, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6321

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