MRI Features of Aquaporin-4 Antibody–Positive Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis: Insights into the Diagnosis of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Wingerchuk DM,
   3. Lennon VA,
   4. Pittock SJ, et al

   . Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2006;66:1485–89 doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74 pmid:16717206

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   2. Wingerchuk DM,
   3. Lennon VA,
   4. Lucchinetti CF, et al

   . The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:805–15 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70216-8 pmid:17706564

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   2. Jarius S,
   3. Wildemann B

   . Aquaporin-4 antibodies (NMO-IgG) as a serological marker of neuromyelitis optica: a critical review of the literature. Brain Pathol 2013;23:661–83 doi:10.1111/bpa.12084 pmid:24118483

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. 4.↵
   2. Wingerchuk DM,
   3. Banwell B,
   4. Bennett JL, et al

   ; International Panel for NMO Diagnosis. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 2015;85:177–89 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001729 pmid:26092914

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   2. Cree BA,
   3. Lamb S,
   4. Morgan K, et al

   . An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2005;64:1270–72 doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000159399.81861.D5 pmid:15824362

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   2. Aguilera AJ,
   3. Carlow TJ,
   4. Smith KJ, et al

   . Lymphocytaplasmapheresis in Devic's syndrome. Transfusion 1985;25:54–56 doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116504.x pmid:3969701

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Weinshenker BG,
   3. O'Brien PC,
   4. Petterson TM, et al

   . A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999;46:878–86 pmid:10589540

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   2. Keegan M,
   3. Pineda AA,
   4. McClelland RL, et al

   . Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response. Neurology 2002;58:143–46 doi:10.1212/WNL.58.1.143 pmid:11781423

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   2. Nozaki I,
   3. Hamaguchi T,
   4. Komai K, et al

   . Fulminant Devic disease successfully treated by lymphocytapheresis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:1094–95 pmid:16614009

   FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    2. Pekcevik Y,
    3. Mitchell CH,
    4. Mealy MA, et al

    . Differentiating neuromyelitis optica from other causes of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis on spinal magnetic resonance imaging. Mult Scler 2016;22:302–11 doi:10.1177/1352458515591069 pmid:26209588

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    2. Waters P,
    3. Jarius S,
    4. Littleton E, et al

    . Aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Arch Neurol 2008;65:913–19 pmid:18625857

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.↵
    2. Cassinotto C,
    3. Deramond H,
    4. Olindo S, et al

    . MRI of the spinal cord in neuromyelitis optica and recurrent longitudinal extensive myelitis. J Neuroradiol 2009;36:199–205 doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2008.12.008 pmid:19223076

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    2. Yonezu T,
    3. Ito S,
    4. Mori M, et al

    . “Bright spotty lesions” on spinal magnetic resonance imaging differentiate neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2014;20:331–37 doi:10.1177/1352458513495581 pmid:23828869

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    2. Kitley JL,
    3. Leite MI,
    4. George JS, et al

    . The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Mult Scler 2012;18:271–85 doi:10.1177/1352458511406165 pmid:21669935

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    2. Wingerchuk DM,
    3. Hogancamp WF,
    4. O'Brien PC, et al

    . The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome). Neurology 1999;53:1107–14 doi:10.1212/WNL.53.5.1107 pmid:10496275

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    2. Asgari N,
    3. Skejoe HP,
    4. Lillevang ST, et al

    . Modifications of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and brainstem lesions in the course of neuromyelitis optica (NMO): a population-based, descriptive study. BMC Neurol 2013;13:33 doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-33 pmid:23566260

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    2. Kim W,
    3. Park MS,
    4. Lee SH, et al

    . Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. Mult Scler 2010;16:1229–36 doi:10.1177/1352458510376640 pmid:20685766

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 18.↵
    2. Qiu W,
    3. Wu JS,
    4. Zhang MN, et al

    . Longitudinally extensive myelopathy in Caucasians: a West Australian study of 26 cases from the Perth Demyelinating Diseases Database. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:209–12 doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.172973 pmid:19710049

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    2. Landis JR,
    3. Koch GG

    . The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159–74 doi:10.2307/2529310 pmid:843571

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    2. Sanders RW

    . The problem with apples and oranges. J Orthop Trauma 1997;11:465–66 doi:10.1097/00005131-199710000-00001

    CrossRef
21. 21.↵
    2. Lennon VA,
    3. Wingerchuk DM,
    4. Kryzer TJ, et al

    . A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004;364:2106–12 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17551-X pmid:15589308

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. 22.↵
    2. Jarius S,
    3. Franciotta D,
    4. Bergamaschi R, et al

    . NMO-IgG in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2007;68:1076–77 doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000256822.01222.bd pmid:17287449

    FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    2. Nakashima I,
    3. Fujihara K,
    4. Miyazawa I, et al

    . Clinical and MRI features of Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis positive for NMO-IgG. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:1073–75 doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.080390 pmid:16505005

    Abstract/FREE Full Text