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Research ArticleNeurodegenerative Disorder Imaging

Predicting Post-Operative Side Effects in VIM MRgFUS Based on THalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) on White-Matter-Nulled MRI: A Retrospective Study

Sonoko Oshima, Asher Kim, Xiaonan R. Sun, Ziad Rifi, Katy A. Cross, Katherine A. Fu, Noriko Salamon, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Ausaf A. Bari and Jingwen Yao
American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2025, 46 (2) 330-340; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8448
Sonoko Oshima
aFrom the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers (S.O., A.K., B.M.E., J.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
bDepartment of Radiological Sciences (S.O., N.S., B.M.E., J.Y.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Asher Kim
aFrom the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers (S.O., A.K., B.M.E., J.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
cDepartment of Bioengineering (A.K., B.M.E., J.Y.), Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Xiaonan R. Sun
dDepartment of Neurosurgery (X.R.S., Z.R., B.M.E., A.A.B.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Ziad Rifi
dDepartment of Neurosurgery (X.R.S., Z.R., B.M.E., A.A.B.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Katy A. Cross
eDepartment of Neurology (K.A.C., K.A.F.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Katherine A. Fu
eDepartment of Neurology (K.A.C., K.A.F.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Noriko Salamon
bDepartment of Radiological Sciences (S.O., N.S., B.M.E., J.Y.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Benjamin M. Ellingson
aFrom the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers (S.O., A.K., B.M.E., J.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
bDepartment of Radiological Sciences (S.O., N.S., B.M.E., J.Y.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
cDepartment of Bioengineering (A.K., B.M.E., J.Y.), Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
dDepartment of Neurosurgery (X.R.S., Z.R., B.M.E., A.A.B.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
fDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (B.M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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Ausaf A. Bari
dDepartment of Neurosurgery (X.R.S., Z.R., B.M.E., A.A.B.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Jingwen Yao
aFrom the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers (S.O., A.K., B.M.E., J.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
bDepartment of Radiological Sciences (S.O., N.S., B.M.E., J.Y.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
cDepartment of Bioengineering (A.K., B.M.E., J.Y.), Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Precise and individualized targeting of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus for the MR-guided focused ultrasound is crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy and avoiding undesirable side effects. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the spatial relationships between Thalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation derived segmentations and the post-focused ultrasound lesion can predict post-operative side effects in patients treated with MR-guided focused ultrasound.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 30 patients (essential tremor, n = 26; tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease, n = 4) who underwent unilateral ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus focused ultrasound treatment. We created ROIs of coordinate-based indirect treatment target, focused ultrasound-induced lesion, and thalamus and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus segmentations. We extracted imaging features including 1) focused ultrasound-induced lesion volumes, 2) overlap between lesions and thalamus and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus segmentations, 3) distance between lesions and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus segmentation and 4) distance between lesions and the indirect standard target. These imaging features were compared between patients with and without post-operative gait/balance side effects using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariate prediction models of side effects based on the imaging features were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic analyses.

RESULTS: Patients with self-reported gait/balance side effects had a significantly larger extent of focused ultrasound-induced edema, a smaller fraction of the lesion within the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus segmentation, a larger fraction of the off-target lesion outside the thalamus segmentation, a more inferior centroid of the lesion from the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus segmentation, and a larger distance between the centroid of the lesion and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus segmentation (p < 0.05). Similar results were found for exam-based side effects. Multivariate regression models based on the imaging features achieved areas under the curve of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.88 to 1.00) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.73 to 1.00) for predicting self-reported and exam-based side effects, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Thalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation-based patient-specific segmentation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus can predict post-operative side effects, which has implications for aiding the direct targeting of MR-guided focused ultrasound and reducing side effects.

ABBREVIATIONS:

AC-PC
anterior commissure-posterior commissure
AUC
areas under the curve
ET
essential tremor
FGATIR
Fast Gray Matter Acquisition T1 Inversion Recovery
FTM
Fahn-Tolosa-Marín Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor
MRgFUS
MR-guided focused ultrasound
PD
Parkinson’s disease
THOMAS
THalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation
TH
thalamus
VIM
ventral intermediate nucleus
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 46 (2)
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Vol. 46, Issue 2
1 Feb 2025
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Cite this article
Sonoko Oshima, Asher Kim, Xiaonan R. Sun, Ziad Rifi, Katy A. Cross, Katherine A. Fu, Noriko Salamon, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Ausaf A. Bari, Jingwen Yao
Predicting Post-Operative Side Effects in VIM MRgFUS Based on THalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) on White-Matter-Nulled MRI: A Retrospective Study
American Journal of Neuroradiology Feb 2025, 46 (2) 330-340; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8448

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Predicting VIM MRgFUS Outcomes Using THOMAS
Sonoko Oshima, Asher Kim, Xiaonan R. Sun, Ziad Rifi, Katy A. Cross, Katherine A. Fu, Noriko Salamon, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Ausaf A. Bari, Jingwen Yao
American Journal of Neuroradiology Feb 2025, 46 (2) 330-340; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8448
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