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Research ArticleBrain Tumor Imaging
Open Access

Gadolinium-Enhanced T2 FLAIR Is an Imaging Biomarker of Radiation Necrosis and Tumor Progression in Patients with Brain Metastases

Chris Heyn, Jonathan Bishop, Alan R. Moody, Tony Kang, Erin Wong, Peter Howard, Pejman Maralani, Sean Symons, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Julia Keith, Mary Jane Lim-Fat, James Perry, Sten Myrehaug, Jay Detsky, Chia-Lin Tseng, Hanbo Chen, Arjun Sahgal and Hany Soliman
American Journal of Neuroradiology January 2025, 46 (1) 129-135; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8431
Chris Heyn
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDepartment of Medical Imaging (C.H., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
cSunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (C.H., A.R.M., P.M., S.S., B.J.M.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jonathan Bishop
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Alan R. Moody
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDepartment of Medical Imaging (C.H., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
cSunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (C.H., A.R.M., P.M., S.S., B.J.M.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tony Kang
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDepartment of Medical Imaging (C.H., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Erin Wong
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDepartment of Medical Imaging (C.H., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Peter Howard
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDepartment of Medical Imaging (C.H., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pejman Maralani
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDepartment of Medical Imaging (C.H., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
cSunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (C.H., A.R.M., P.M., S.S., B.J.M.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sean Symons
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (C.H., J.B., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDepartment of Medical Imaging (C.H., A.R.M., T.K., E.W., P.H., P.M., S.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
cSunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (C.H., A.R.M., P.M., S.S., B.J.M.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bradley J. MacIntosh
cSunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (C.H., A.R.M., P.M., S.S., B.J.M.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Julia Keith
dDepartment of Anatomy and Pathology (J.K.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto Ontario, Canada
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Mary Jane Lim-Fat
eDivision of Neurology (M.J.L-F, J.P.), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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James Perry
eDivision of Neurology (M.J.L-F, J.P.), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sten Myrehaug
fDepartment of Radiation Oncology (S.M., J.D., C.-L.T., H.C., A.S., H.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jay Detsky
fDepartment of Radiation Oncology (S.M., J.D., C.-L.T., H.C., A.S., H.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chia-Lin Tseng
fDepartment of Radiation Oncology (S.M., J.D., C.-L.T., H.C., A.S., H.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hanbo Chen
fDepartment of Radiation Oncology (S.M., J.D., C.-L.T., H.C., A.S., H.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Arjun Sahgal
fDepartment of Radiation Oncology (S.M., J.D., C.-L.T., H.C., A.S., H.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hany Soliman
fDepartment of Radiation Oncology (S.M., J.D., C.-L.T., H.C., A.S., H.S.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 46 (1)
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Chris Heyn, Jonathan Bishop, Alan R. Moody, Tony Kang, Erin Wong, Peter Howard, Pejman Maralani, Sean Symons, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Julia Keith, Mary Jane Lim-Fat, James Perry, Sten Myrehaug, Jay Detsky, Chia-Lin Tseng, Hanbo Chen, Arjun Sahgal, Hany Soliman
Gadolinium-Enhanced T2 FLAIR Is an Imaging Biomarker of Radiation Necrosis and Tumor Progression in Patients with Brain Metastases
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 2025, 46 (1) 129-135; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8431

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Gad FLAIR T2 for Radiation Necrosis Brain Mets
Chris Heyn, Jonathan Bishop, Alan R. Moody, Tony Kang, Erin Wong, Peter Howard, Pejman Maralani, Sean Symons, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Julia Keith, Mary Jane Lim-Fat, James Perry, Sten Myrehaug, Jay Detsky, Chia-Lin Tseng, Hanbo Chen, Arjun Sahgal, Hany Soliman
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 2025, 46 (1) 129-135; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8431
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