Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE
Chipmunk MR imaging sign. T2-weighted axial MRI through the medulla oblongata in subjects with AxD type I (A) and AxD type II (B), an image of a chipmunk face (A, white circle), and a T2WI axial scan of the medulla oblongata in a healthy subject (B, white circle). A typical chipmunk sign in AxD type I (white box in A) and AxD type II (white box in B). The black arrow indicates the inferior olivary nucleus; black arrowhead, medial lemniscus; white arrow, inferior peduncle; white arrowhead, medial longitudinal fasciculus; double white arrows, pyramidal tracts.
Tables
Involvement of different anatomic structures of the medulla oblongata and additional MR imaging features in subjects with AxD and non-AxD leukodystrophy on T2-weighted imagesa
AxD Non-AxD AxD Type I AxD Type II VWM APBD Other Total MRIs reviewed 55 74 32 21 6 4 67 Positive chipmunk sign 48 10 28 18 3 4 3 T2-hyperintense dorsal medulla 52 17 29 21 5 4 8 T2-hyperintense pyramids No 8 59 7 1 2 0 57 Yes, asymmetric 5 1 2 3 0 0 1 Yes, symmetric 42 13 23 17 4 4 5 T2-hyperintense central ION No 8 58 6 2 1 0 57 Yes, asymmetric 5 1 1 4 0 0 1 Yes, symmetric 41 13 24 15 4 4 5 T2-hypointense peripheral ION No 6 62 4 2 2 0 60 Yes, asymmetric 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Yes, symmetric 47 11 27 18 4 4 3 T2-hypointense IP No 7 58 4 3 1 0 57 Yes, asymmetric 3 1 1 2 0 0 1 Yes, symmetric 45 14 27 16 5 3 6 T2-hyperintense ML 38 12 19 18 4 4 4 Atrophy 20 7 4 16 1 4 2 Mass effect lesions 5 2 3 2 0 0 2 T2-hypointense MLF 35 8 25 8 3 3 2 Note:—MLF indicates medial longitudinal fasciculus; ML, medial lemniscus; IP, inferior peduncle.
↵a See the Online Supplemental Data for details on patients and the comparison group.
