Association between Infarct Location and Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Ischemic Stroke following Successful Recanalization after Mechanical Thrombectomy

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Powers WJ,
   2. Rabinstein AA,
   3. Ackerson T, et al

   ; American Heart Association Stroke Council. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2018;49:e46–110 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000158 pmid:29367334

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   1. Li W,
   2. Xing X,
   3. Wen C, et al

   . Risk factors and functional outcome were associated with hemorrhagic transformation after mechanical thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion stroke. J Neurosurg Sci 2020 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.23736/S0390-5616.20.05141-3 pmid:33320467

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Lee YB,
   2. Yoon W,
   3. Lee YY, et al

   . Predictors and impact of hemorrhagic transformations after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute large vessel occlusions. J Neurointerv Surg 2019;11:469–73 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014080 pmid:30291207

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. van Kranendonk KR,
   2. Treurniet KM,
   3. Boers AM, et al

   ; MR CLEAN Investigators. Hemorrhagic transformation is associated with poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion. J Neurointerv Surg 2019;11:464–68 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014141 pmid:30297537

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Nogueira RG,
   2. Gupta R,
   3. Jovin TG, et al

   . Predictors and clinical relevance of hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular therapy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 1122 patients. J Neurointerv Surg 2015;7:16–21 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010743 pmid:24401478

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Hong JM,
   2. Kim DS,
   3. Kim M

   . Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and management. Front Neurol 2021;12:703258 doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.703258 pmid:34917010

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Arba F,
   2. Piccardi B,
   3. Palumbo V, et al

   . Blood-brain barrier leakage and hemorrhagic transformation: the Reperfusion Injury in Ischemic StroKe (RISK) study. Eur J Neurol 2021;28:3147–54 doi:10.1111/ene.14985 pmid:34143500

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Gauberti M,
   2. Lapergue B,
   3. Martinez de Lizarrondo S, et al

   . Ischemia-reperfusion injury after endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke. Stroke 2018;49:3071–74 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022015 pmid:30571423

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. van Kranendonk KR,
   2. Treurniet KM,
   3. Boers AM

   ; et al. MR CLEAN Investigators. Clinical and imaging markers associated with hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2019;50:2037–43 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.024255 pmid:33755497

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Broocks G,
    2. Hanning U,
    3. Flottmann F, et al

    . Clinical benefit of thrombectomy in stroke patients with low ASPECTS is mediated by oedema reduction. Brain 2019;142:1399–407 doi:10.1093/brain/awz057 pmid:30859191

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Hao Y,
    2. Yang D,
    3. Wang H, et al

    ; ACTUAL Investigators (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Registry). Predictors for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2017;48:1203–09 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016368 pmid:28373302

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    1. Nawabi J,
    2. Kniep H,
    3. Schon G, et al

    . Hemorrhage after endovascular recanalization in acute stroke: lesion extent, collaterals and degree of ischemic water uptake mediate tissue vulnerability. Front Neurol 2019;10:569 doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00569 pmid:31214107

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Kaesmacher J,
    2. Kaesmacher M,
    3. Maegerlein C, et al

    . Hemorrhagic transformations after thrombectomy: risk factors and clinical relevance. Cerebrovasc Dis 2017;43:294–304 doi:10.1159/000460265 pmid:28343220

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Campbell BC,
    2. Christensen S,
    3. Levi CR, et al

    . Cerebral blood flow is the optimal CT perfusion parameter for assessing infarct core. Stroke 2011;42:3435–40 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.618355 pmid:21980202

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Yoon W,
    2. Seo JJ,
    3. Kim JK, et al

    . Contrast enhancement and contrast extravasation on computed tomography after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2004;35:876–81 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000120726.69501.74 pmid:14988575

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Hacke W,
    2. Kaste M,
    3. Fieschi C, et al

    . Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II): Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators. Lancet 1998;352:1245–51 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08020-9 pmid:9788453

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    1. Higashida RT,
    2. Furlan AJ,
    3. Roberts H, et al

    ; Technology Assessment Committee of the Society of Interventional Radiology. Trial design and reporting standards for intra-arterial cerebral thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003;34:e109–37 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000082721.62796.09 pmid:12869717

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Charbonnier G,
    2. Bonnet L,
    3. Biondi A, et al

    . Intracranial bleeding after reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2020;11:629920 doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.629920 pmid:33633661

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Arba F,
    2. Rinaldi C,
    3. Caimano D, et al

    . Blood-brain barrier disruption and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2020;11:594613 doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.594613 pmid:33551955

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Sussman ES,
    2. Connolly ES Jr.

    . Hemorrhagic transformation: a review of the rate of hemorrhage in the major clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2013;4:69 doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00069 pmid:23772220

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Bai J,
    2. Lyden PD

    . Revisiting cerebral postischemic reperfusion injury: new insights in understanding reperfusion failure, hemorrhage, and edema. Int J Stroke 2015;10:143–52 doi:10.1111/ijs.12434 pmid:25598025

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Leigh R,
    2. Christensen S,
    3. Campbell BC, et al

    ; DEFUSE 2 Investigators. Pretreatment blood-brain barrier disruption and post-endovascular intracranial hemorrhage. Neurology 2016;87:263–69 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002862 pmid:27316247

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    1. Khatri R,
    2. McKinney AM,
    3. Swenson B, et al

    . Blood-brain barrier, reperfusion injury, and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology 2012;79:S52–57 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182697e70 pmid:23008413

    FREE Full Text
24. 24.↵
    1. Shimonaga K,
    2. Matsushige T,
    3. Hosogai M, et al

    . Hyperperfusion after endovascular reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019;28:1212–18 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.01.007 pmid:30704865

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    1. Okazaki S,
    2. Yamagami H,
    3. Yoshimoto T, et al

    . Cerebral hyperperfusion on arterial spin labeling MRI after reperfusion therapy is related to hemorrhagic transformation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017;37:3087–90 doi:10.1177/0271678X17718099 pmid:28665168

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Yu S,
    2. Liebeskind DS,
    3. Dua S

    ; et al; UCLA Stroke Investigators. Postischemic hyperperfusion on arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI is linked to hemorrhagic transformation in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015;35:630–37 doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.238 pmid:25564233

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    1. Haussen DC,
    2. Ferreira IM,
    3. Barreira C, et al

    . Active reperfusion hemorrhage during thrombectomy: angiographic findings and real-time correlation with the CT “Spot Sign.” Interv Neurol 2018;7:370–77 doi:10.1159/000488084 pmid:30410514

    CrossRefPubMed