Prognostic Value of Preoperative MRI Metrics for Diffuse Lower-Grade Glioma Molecular Subtypes

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the improved prognostic relevance of the 2016 WHO molecular-based classification of lower-grade gliomas, variability in clinical outcome persists within existing molecular subtypes. Our aim was to determine prognostically significant metrics on preoperative MR imaging for lower-grade gliomas within currently defined molecular categories.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective analysis of 306 patients with lower-grade gliomas accrued from an institutional data base and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Two neuroradiologists in consensus analyzed preoperative MRIs of each lower-grade glioma to determine the following: tumor size, tumor location, number of involved lobes, corpus callosum involvement, hydrocephalus, midline shift, eloquent cortex involvement, ependymal extension, margins, contrast enhancement, and necrosis. Adjusted hazard ratios determined the association between MR imaging metrics and overall survival per molecular subtype, after adjustment for patient age, patient sex, World Health Organization grade, and surgical resection status.

RESULTS: For isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type lower-grade gliomas, tumor size (hazard ratio, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.94–7.75; P < .001), number of involved lobes (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.28–2.27; P < .001), hydrocephalus (hazard ratio, 4.43; 95% CI, 1.12–17.54; P = .034), midline shift (hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.30; P = .013), margins (P = .031), and contrast enhancement (hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13–0.90; P = .030) were associated with overall survival. For IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted lower-grade gliomas, tumor size (hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.06–7.70; P = .039) and ependymal extension (hazard ratio, 6.34; 95% CI, 1.07–37.59; P = .042) were associated with overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging metrics offers prognostic information for patients with lower-grade gliomas within molecularly defined classes, with the greatest prognostic value for IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas.