Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Location of the ROIs. A, Centrum semiovale. B, Genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum. C, Frontal and parietal lobes. D, Globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, and occipital lobe. E, Temporal lobe.
- Fig 2.
Boxplots of diffusional kurtosis imaging in ROIs in the acute phase (red bar), DNS phase (green bar), and chronic phase (blue bar) with CO intoxication. The hashtag indicates P < .05 (acute versus DNS); ampersand, P < .05 (acute versus chronic); and asterisk, P < .05 (DNS versus chronic).
- Fig 3.
Patient 1: A 54-year-old man. The lesion evolution in the globus pallidus in the acute (5 days), delayed neuropsychiatric (39 days), and chronic (192 days) phases.
- Fig 4.
Patient 2: A 42-year-old woman. The lesion evolution in the centrum semiovale in the acute (4 days), delayed neuropsychiatric (25 days), and chronic (223 days) phases.
Tables
CO-Exposure Group (n = 17) Controls (n = 30) Acute Stage DNS Stage Chronic Stage Average days to evaluation 5.53 ± 1.07 30.76 ± 5.90 196.41 ± 9.21 Sex (male/female) (No.) 8:9 8:9 8:9 15:15 Age (yr) 47.41 ± 11.50 47.41 ± 11.50 47.41 ± 11.50 48.40 ± 9.84 Education (yr) 14.00 (9.50 ± 14.00) 14.00 (9.50 ± 14.00) 14.00 (9.50 ± 14.00) 14.00 (11.00 ± 14.00) MMSE 26.00 ± 2.50b,c 18.59 ± 4.21c,d 24.59 ± 2.81c 29.00 (28.00–29.00) Barthel Index 90.00 (80.00–100.00)b,c 25.00 (16.00–45.00)c,d 98.00 (92.50–100.00)c 100.00 (100.00-100.00) Digit span test Forward 6.00 ± 1.46b,c 2.00 (1.50–3.00)c,d 5.06 ± 1.98c 7.00 (7.00–8.00) Backward 3.76 ± 1.25b,c 1.00 (1.00–1.00)c,d 2.41 ± 0.94c 5.00 (4.00–5.00) Verbal fluency test Animals 11.18 ± 3.36b,c 5.47 ± 2.90c,d 9.53 ± 3.15c 15.00 (14.75.00–16.00) Vegetables 11.59 ± 2.29b,c 5.00 (3.50–6.00)c,d 11.00 (9.50–12.00)c 13.87 ± 1.50 - Table 2:
Diagnostic performance of DKI parameters in differentiating patients with CO exposure from controls
Brain Regions/ROIs Area under the ROC Curve Acute Stage DNS Stage Chronic Stage MK MD FA KFA MK MD FA KFA MK MD FA KFA White matter Centrum semiovale 0.588a 0.549 0.555 0.667 0.774a 0.770a 0.667 0.812a 0.516 0.521 0.732a 0.802a Corpus callosum Genu 0.126 0.522 0.499 0.701a 0.599 0.642 0.700a 0.753a 0.574 0.663a 0.681a 0.766a Body 0.618 0.601 0.570 0.602 0.759a 0.714a 0.699a 0.780a 0.649 0.586 0.789a 0.810 Splenium 0.578 0.719a 0.600 0.749a 0.674 0.768 0.707a 0.770a 0.720a 0.416 0.729a 0.811a Frontal 0.651 0.564 0.602 0.671 0.726a 0.640 0.736a 0.741a 0.503 0.612 0.757a 0.771a Parietal 0.532 0.583 0.557 0.646 0.637 0.639 0.656 0.697a 0.605 0.429 0.697a 0.762a Temporal 0.567 0.622 0.575 0.731a 0.671 0.745a 0.749a 0.806a 0.604 0.509 0.699 0.775a Occipital 0.645 0.515 0.671 0.693 0.701a 0.609 0.733a 0.775a 0.287a 0.503 0.761a 0.791a Gray matter Globus pallidus 0.800a 0.76a 0.541 0.633 0.649 0.448 0.553 0.541 0.724a 0.640 0.660 0.602 Caudate nucleus 0.562 0.516 0.520 0.501 0.539 0.514 0.551 0.514 0.659a 0.535 0.603 0.613 Thalamus 0.590 0.585 0.556 0.477 0.550 0.379 0.509 0.520 0.700a 0.400 0.534 0.537 Note:—ROC indicates receiver operating characteristic.
↵a <.05 indicates significance.
- Table 3:
Correlation study between KFA and cognitive tests in patients with CO intoxication
Brain Regions/ROIs MMSE Barthel Index Digit Span Verbal Fluency Forward Backward Animals Vegetables White matter Centrum semiovale r = 0.399a r = 0.125 r = 0.212 r = 0.476a r = 0.164 r = 0.221a P = .000 P = .268 P = .057 P = .000 P = .145 P = .048 Corpus callosum Genu r = 0.283a r = 0.141 r = 0.218 r = 0.374a r = 0.167 r = 0.188 P = .010 P = .209 P = .051 P = .001 P = .136 P = .092 Body r = 0.206 r = 0.211 r = 0.232a r = 0.364a r = 0.219a r = 0.176 P = .065 P = .059 P = .037 P = .001 P = .049 P = .117 Splenium r = 0.346a r = 0.252a r = 0.201 r = 0.270a r = 0.200 r = 0.282a P = .002 P = .023 P = .073 P = .015 P = .073 P = .011 Frontal r = 0.324a r = 0.155 r = 0.173 r = 0.391a r = 0.203 r = 0.170 P = .003 P = .167 P = .123 P = .000 P = .069 P = .129 Parietal r = 0.222a r = 0.122 r = 0.158 r = 0.413a r = 0.141 r = 0.152 P = .047 P = .279 P = .159 P = .000 P = .211 P = .174 Temporal r = 0.174 r = 0.171 r = 0.246a r = 0.172 r = 0.091 r = −0.007 P = .119 P = .127 P = .027 P = .124 P = .417 P = .948 Occipital r = 0.151 r = 0.115 r = 0.187 r = 0.141 r = 0.142 r = 0.087 P = .178 P = .305 P = .095 P = .210 P = .208 P = .442 Gray matter Globus pallidus r = 0.282a r = 0.206 r = 0.280a r = 0.264a r = 0.217 r = 0.175 P = .011 P = .065 P = .011 P = .017 P = .051 P = .119 Caudate nucleus r = −0.052 r = −0.148 r = −0.185 r = 0.108 r = −0.115 r = −0.118 P = .645 P = .188 P = .099 P = .338 P = .308 P = .294 Thalamus r = 0.068 r = 0.039 r = −0.018 r = 0.054 r = 0.111 r = 0.040 P = .544 P = .726 P = .871 P = .630 P = .323 P = .720 Note:—MMSE indicates Mini-Mental State Examination.
↵a Significant indicated by<.05.
