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Research ArticleAdult Brain

Brain MR Imaging Findings in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome

A.H. Abusrair, S. Bohlega, A. Al-Semari, F.S. Al-Ajlan, K. Al-Ahmadi, B. Mohamed and A. AlDakheel
American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2018, 39 (12) 2256-2262; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5879
A.H. Abusrair
aFrom the Departments of Neurosciences (A.H.A., S.B., A.A.-S., F.S.A.-A., B.M., A.A.)
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  • ORCID record for A.H. Abusrair
S. Bohlega
aFrom the Departments of Neurosciences (A.H.A., S.B., A.A.-S., F.S.A.-A., B.M., A.A.)
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A. Al-Semari
aFrom the Departments of Neurosciences (A.H.A., S.B., A.A.-S., F.S.A.-A., B.M., A.A.)
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F.S. Al-Ajlan
aFrom the Departments of Neurosciences (A.H.A., S.B., A.A.-S., F.S.A.-A., B.M., A.A.)
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K. Al-Ahmadi
bRadiology (K.A.-A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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B. Mohamed
aFrom the Departments of Neurosciences (A.H.A., S.B., A.A.-S., F.S.A.-A., B.M., A.A.)
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A. AlDakheel
aFrom the Departments of Neurosciences (A.H.A., S.B., A.A.-S., F.S.A.-A., B.M., A.A.)
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    Fig 1.

    Sagittal T1-weighted MR imaging for patient 22 shows a partially empty sella and a small pituitary gland (arrow).

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    Fig 2.

    Axial T2-weighted (A), FLAIR (B), and T2* (C) MR images in case 11 show putaminal blooming artifacts (arrows) reflecting iron accumulation. An axial T2* MR image (D) in case 3 shows iron deposition in the substantia nigra (arrowheads).

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    Fig 3.

    Axial FLAIR MR images show varying degrees of white matter lesions. Patients 1 and 26 (A and B) show a mild degree of white matter lesions, with faint periventricular (A; arrows) and small scattered signal intensities (B; arrows). In patient 4 (C), images show patchy signal intensities (arrows), representing a moderate degree of white matter lesions. A more diffuse, vanishing high signal intensity (arrows) is seen in images (D) for patient 7.

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    Fig 4.

    Axial (A) and coronal (B) FLAIR MR images for case 24 show white matter changes with frontal predominance (arrows). Axial FLAIR images show signal intensities (arrows) involving the pons (C) in patient 19 and the cerebellum (D) in patient 26.

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    Fig 5.

    Axial T2 images show type I (A) and type III (B) prominent perivascular spaces.

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    Fig 6.

    Axial DWI (A) and ADC map (B) sequences show diffusion restriction involving the splenium of corpus callosum.

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    Table 1:

    Clinical and imaging characteristics of WSS

    FamilySexAge (Yr)NeurologicRadiologic
    DystoniaSNHLSeizureWM ChangesIDPituitary
    1F18Focal−−Mild−Small
    M19−−+Absent+Small
    2F29Generalized−−Severe+Normal
    F38Focal+−Moderate+Small
    F35Focal+−Mild+Small
    3F37Focal−−Severe+Small
    M45Generalized+−Severe+Small
    4M22Focal−−Mild+Normal
    M24Generalized−−Mild+Normal
    5M23−−−Mild−Small
    F21−−−Mild+Small
    M16−−−Mild−Small
    M26Generalized+−Mild+Normal
    M21−++Absent+Normal
    6M20Generalized−−Mild−Small
    F21−−−Absent+Small
    7F32Multisegmental−−Mild+Small
    F22Focal−−Absent−Small
    F35Focal−+Severe+Small
    M21Multisegmental+−Absent+Small
    F27Focal+−Absent+Small
    8M16−−−Absent−Small
    9F41Generalized−−Moderate+Small
    10M37Multisegmental+−Moderate+Small
    11F17Multisegmental−−Absent+Small
    12F29−−−Mild−Normal
    • Note:—SNHL indicates sensorineural hearing loss; ID, iron deposition; +, present; −, absent.

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    Table 2:

    Characteristic brain MR imaging findings in WSS

    PatientSex/Age (yr)White MatterDescriptive Features on MRIComments
    Iron DepositionPituitary AtrophyDiffusion Restriction
    FrontalParietalTemporalOccipitalInfratentorialCaudatePutamenRN/SN
    1F/18++−+−−−−++−
    2M/19−−−−−−+−+−Initial study showed no iron deposition
    3F/29++++++−−−+++−−Extension of iron deposition on follow-up study
    4F/38++++++−++−++Prominent perivascular spaces
    5F/35+++−−−+−−−Prominent perivascular spaces
    6F/37++++++++−−+−+−Calcification of the dentate nucleus
    7M/45++++++++−++−++Loss of corpus callosum volume
    8M/22++−−−−+−+−−
    9M/24++−−−−+−−−Prominent perivascular spaces
    10M/23++−−−−−−+−−
    11F/21++−−−−+−+−−
    12M/16++−−−−−−+−Prominent perivascular spaces
    13M/26++++−−+++−−
    14M/21−−−−−−++−−−
    15M/20+−−−−−−−+−−
    16F/21−−−−−−+++−−
    17F/32++++−−+−+−−
    18F/22−−−−−−−−+−−
    19F/35+++++++++−+−+−Pontine WM signal
    20M/21−−−−−−+++−−
    21F/27−−−−−−+−+−−
    22M/16−−−−−−−−+−−
    23F/41++++++−++++−−
    24M/37++++++−++−+−Dentate nucleus calcification
    25F/17−−−−−−+−−−−
    26F/29+++++−−−−−Cerebellar WM signal
    • Note:—RN indicates red nucleus; SN, substantia nigra; −, absent; +, mild (predominantly scattered lesions or confluent periventricular); ++, moderate (patchy scattered); +++, severe (predominantly diffuse, vanishing lesions).

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 39 (12)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
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1 Dec 2018
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A.H. Abusrair, S. Bohlega, A. Al-Semari, F.S. Al-Ajlan, K. Al-Ahmadi, B. Mohamed, A. AlDakheel
Brain MR Imaging Findings in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2018, 39 (12) 2256-2262; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5879

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Brain MR Imaging Findings in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome
A.H. Abusrair, S. Bohlega, A. Al-Semari, F.S. Al-Ajlan, K. Al-Ahmadi, B. Mohamed, A. AlDakheel
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2018, 39 (12) 2256-2262; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5879
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