Brain Atrophy Is Associated with Disability Progression in Patients with MS followed in a Clinical Routine

E. Ghione; N. Bergsland; M.G. Dwyer; J. Hagemeier; D. Jakimovski; I. Paunkoski; D.P. Ramasamy; D. Silva; E. Carl; D. Hojnacki; C. Kolb; B. Weinstock-Guttman; R. Zivadinov

doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5876

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Table 1:

Brain volume measures in patients with MS and CIS and in HI^{^a}

No. MS-CIS-HI	Measures	MS (Mean) (SD)	CIS (Mean) (SD)	HI (Mean) (SD)	P Value (MS/CIS/HI)	P Value (MS/HI)
1505-137-164	LVV at first MRI	22.9 (13.6)	15.7 (7.8)	16.8 (9.5)	.0001	.0001
1345-121-166	NBV at first MRI	1536.1 (102.6)	1590.3 (78.8)	1567.8 (93.1)	.0001	.001
1465-130-161	Percentage LVV change from first MRI to MRF	12.0 (18.3)	10.2 (16.5)	6.9 (10.9)	.001	.0001
1465-130-161	Annualized percentage LVV change from first to MRF MRI	3.0 (8.0)	3.7 (8.2)	1.6 (7.6)	.02	.01
1465-130-161	Annualized cumulative percentage LVV change from first to MRF MRI	2.9 (6.9)	4.1 (9.8)	1.9 (8.2)	.01	.03
1196-112-159	Percentage NBV change from first MRI to MRF	−3.4 (3.8)	−2.4 (2.7)	−1.2 (2.7)	.0001	.0001
1196-112-159	Annualized percentage NBV change from first to MRF MRI	−0.7 (1.5)	−0.6 (1.4)	−0.4 (1.8)	.007	.002
1196-112-159	Annualized cumulative percentage NBV change from first to MRF MRI	−0.8 (2.2)	−0.5 (1.8)	−0.5 (2.1)	.077	.045
902-93-154	PBVC from first MRI to MRF	−3.5 (2.8)	−2.1 (2.2)	−1.6 (1.9)	.0001	.0001
902-93-154	Annualized PBVC from first to MRF MRI	−0.9 (1.0)	−0.6 (0.9)	−0.4 (0.8)	.0001	.0001
902-93-154	Annualized cumulative PBVC from first to MRF MRI	−0.8 (1.2)	−0.6 (1.2)	−0.4 (1.0)	.001	.001

Note:—No. MS-CIS-HI indicates No. of patients with MS and CIS and HI included in each analysis.
↵a The data are presented as mean (SD). The absolute values are expressed in milliliters. The differences among the MS, CIS, and HI groups were calculated using analysis of covariance adjusted for age at first MRI, sex, and field strength, as covariates.

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Table 2:

Univariate linear mixed-effect models describing the longitudinal relationship between yearly change in clinical measures and lateral ventricle volume change in patients with MS^{^a}

Patients with MS	LVV (mL) (n = 1465)		NBV (mL) (n = 1196)		PBVC (%) (n = 902)
Patients with MS	Est	P Value	Est	P Value	P Value	P Value
Intercept	22.618		1513.318		−.308
DDY	0.022	.0001	−0.426	.0001	−.025	.0001
Intercept	22.43		1520.730		−.263
EDSS	0.098	.0001	−2.187	.0001	−.134	.0001
Intercept	22.065		1511.644		−.214
MSSS	0.078	.0001	−2.001	.0001	−.119	.0001
DP-intercept
No	23.137		1523.405		−.125
Yes	0.485	.0001	−10.214	.0001	−.766	.0001
Difference	0.591	.0001	−11.495	.0001	−.934	<.0001
	+0.105 (21.6%)	.001	−1.281 (−12.5%)	.03	−.169 (−21.9%)	.0001

Note:—Est indicates estimate; DDY, disease duration.
↵a Intercept as depicted in milliliters is the predicted value of the dependent variable when all the independent variables are restrained to zero. Estimate is a representation of the LVV volume increase and NBV volume decrease in milliliters per 1-unit increase of the independent measure per year (the interaction term with time). Estimate of PBVC is the representation of change in percentage per 1-unit increase of the independent measure per year (the interaction term with time). Volumetric (milliliters) data were fitted to random intercept and slope models, while PBVC models were fitted with random slope models.