Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Examples of corpus callosum area delineation in 3 patients with CADASIL and 3 age-matched controls. Reproduction at the same scale of noninterpolated midsagittal T1-weighted images of the corpus callosum in 3 patients (left column) compared with 3 age-matched controls (right column). Corpus callosum atrophy appears obvious in some cases.
- Fig 2.
The relationship between reaction time and CCA in patients with CADASIL and in controls. The mean reaction time appears significantly and negatively associated with the corpus callosum area in patients (estimate = −7.4 × 103, SE = 3.3 × 103, P = .03), while no association is observed in controls (estimate = −1.1 × 103, SE = 2.6 × 103, P = .69).
- Fig 3.
Corpus callosum atrophy through the appearance of lacunes and secondary white matter degeneration. An example of a 56-year-old patient with CADASIL presenting in 2010 with hypointense T1-weighted signal in the corpus callosum (CC), presumably as a consequence of a lacune located in white matter bundles passing through the CC body (top panel). In 2013, a new lacune occurred in bundles passing through the CC, localized anterior to the previous one and leading to another hypointense area in the CC (middle panel). Images acquired in 2015 show progressive CC atrophy due to degeneration secondary to the appearance of lacunes (bottom panel). T1W indicates T1-weightd.
Tables
Characteristics of patients with CADASIL and control subjects
Patients with CADASIL (n = 26) Control Subjects (n = 29) P Value Demographic characteristics Age (mean) (yr) 54.0 ± 10.4 53.9 ± 11.0 .973 Male sex (No.) 13 (50.0%) 15 (51.7%) .901 Right-handed (No.) 26 (100%) 29 (100%) NA Level of education (mean) (yr) 11.3 ± 3.7 13.5 ± 3.5 .022 History of stroke (No.) (%) 20 (77%) 0 (0%) NA Neuropsychological tests Reaction time (mean) (ms) 288 ± 56 253 ± 43 .02 MMSE score (mean) 28.4 ± 1.8 29.0 ± 1.1 .169 Apathy scale (mean) 8.6 ± 4.6 6.8 ± 3.0 .119 MADRS scale (mean) 5.9 ± 6.9 1.7 ± 3.0 .007 Imaging markers Corpus callosum area (mean) (mm2) 609 ± 93 713 ± 111 <.001, <.001a Brain parenchymal fraction (mean) 0.84 ± 0.03 0.84 ± 0.03 .766 Volume of white matter (mean) (cm3) 450.5 ± 66.6 433.9 ± 44.5 .35 Volume of lacunesb (mean) (median) (range) (mm3) (n = 15/26, 57.6%) 529, 303, 14–1975 No control had lacunesc NA Volume of WMH (mean) (median) (range) (mm3) (n = 26/26, 100%) 93,638; 74,087; 7249–267,095 No control had significant lesionsc NA No. of MBb (mean) (median) (range) (n = 8/26, 30.7%) 6.5, 2.5, 1–32 No control had MBc NA Note:—MMSE indicates Mini-Mental State Examination; MADRS, Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; NA, not applicable.
↵a Adjusted for age, sex, and intracranial cavity.
↵b In patients with such lesions.
↵c Visually rated from a concomitant 7T protocol, including high-resolution 3D-T1 and 2D gradient recalled echo T2* sequences.
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