Association of Automatically Quantified Total Blood Volume after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Delayed Cerebral Ischemia

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Fig 1.
Examples of SAH bleeding patterns on CT (upper), with corresponding segmentations in red as provided by the automatic quantification method (lower).¹⁰ A, SAH with blood in both Sylvian fissures. B, SAH with the presence of IPH. C, SAH with the presence of IVH.
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Fig 2.
Flow chart of patient inclusion.

Table 1:

Patient characteristics

	Total Patient Group (%)	Patients with Clinical and/or Radiologic DCI	Patients without DCI (%)	P Value
No.	333	68 (20)	265 (80)	–
Female sex	238 (71)	47 (69)	191 (72)	.653
Age (yr) (mean) (SD)	55.7 (11.9)	56.0 (12.7)	55.7 (11.7)	.828
Hypertension in medical history	88 (26)	24 (35)	64 (24)	.090
WFNS favorable on admission (I–III)	163 (49)	34 (50)	129 (49)	.892
Mean TBV (mL) (SD)^{^a}	46.1 (29.4)	51.6 (27.3)	44.6 (29.8)	.080
IPH	102 (31)	16 (24)	86 (32)	.185
IVH	203 (61)	51 (75)	152 (57)	.008
IPH and IVH	63 (19)	12 (18)	51 (19)	.863
Rebleed	52 (16)	9 (13)	43 (16)	.708
Anterior circulation	245 (74)	50 (74)	195 (74)	1.000
Posterior circulation	88 (26)	18 (26)	70 (26)
Neurosurgical treatment^{^b}	141 (42)	30 (44)	111 (42)	.325
Endovascular treatment^{^c}	135 (41)	36 (53)	99 (37)
Death within 3 days	47 (14)	1 (1)	46 (17)	<.001

Table 2:

Patient characteristics in groups with respect to DCI

	Patients with Clinical and/or Radiologic DCI	Patients with Clinical DCI (%)^{^a}	Patients with Radiologic DCI (%)^{^b}	Patients with Clinical and Radiologic DCI (%)
No.	68 (20)	62 (19)	40 (12)	34 (10)
Female sex	47 (69)	43 (69)	28 (70)	24 (71)
Age (yr) (mean) (SD)	56.0 (12.7)	55.4 (12.9)	57.9 (12.4)	57.1 (12.8)
Hypertension in medical history	24 (35)	21 (34)	18 (45)	15 (44)
WFNS favorable on admission (I–III)	34 (50)	30 (48)	18 (45)	14 (41)
Mean TBV (mL) (SD)^{^c}	51.6 (27.3)	52.1 (27.4)	53.2 (28.1)	54.3 (28.3)
IPH	16 (24)	14 (23)	7 (18)	5 (15)
IVH	51 (75)	47 (76)	31 (78)	27 (79)
IPH and IVH	12 (18)	10 (16)	5 (13)	3 (9)
Rebleed	9 (13)	9 (15)	6 (15)	6 (18)
Anterior circulation	50 (74)	45 (73)	28 (70)	23 (68)
Posterior circulation	18 (26)	17 (27)	12 (30)	11 (32)
Neurosurgical treatment^{^d}	30 (44)	28 (45)	19 (48)	17 (50)
Endovascular treatment^{^e}	36 (53)	33 (53)	19 (48)	16(47)
Death within 3 days	1 (1)	1 (2)	1 (3)	1 (3)

Table 3:

Associations between blood volume and blood location and DCI in the total group (N = 333)

Dependent Variable	Central Determinant	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Clinical DCI (with or without radiologic DCI)	TBV^{^a}	1.01 (1.0–1.02)^{^b}	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^{^b}
	IPH^{^c}	0.61 (0.32–1.16)	0.47 (0.24–0.95)
	IVH^{^d}	2.31 (1.23–4.33)	2.66 (1.37–5.17)
Radiologic DCI (with or without clinical DCI)	TBV^{^e}	1.01 (1.0–1.02)^{^b}	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^{^b}
Clinical and radiologic DCI	TBV^{^f}	1.01 (1.0–1.02)^{^b}	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^{^b}

Table 4:

Associations between blood volume and blood location and DCI in patients who survived 3 days or more (n = 286)

Dependent Variable	Central Determinant	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Clinical DCI (with or without radiologic DCI)	TBV^{^a}	1.01 (1.00–1.03)^{^b}	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^{^b}
	IPH^{^c}	0.65 (0.33–1.25)	0.43 (0.21–0.89)
	IVH^{^d}	2.41 (1.27–4.57)	2.03 (1.05–3.92)
Radiologic DCI (with or without clinical DCI)	TBV^{^a}	1.01 (1.00–1.03)^{^b}	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^{^b}
Clinical and radiologic DCI	TBV^{^a}	1.02 (1.00–1.03)^{^b}	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^{^b}