What Is Meant by “TICI”?

REFERENCES

1. 1.↵
   TIMI Study Group. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial: phase I findings. N Engl J Med 1985;312:932–36

   PubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Higashida RT,
   2. Furlan AJ,
   3. Roberts H,
   4. et al

   . Trial design and reporting standards for intra-arterial cerebral thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003;34:e109–137

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   1. Kallmes DF

   . TICI: if you are not confused, then you are not paying attention. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:975–76

   FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) II Study. Stroke 2007;38:2127–35

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Noser EA,
   2. Shaltoni HM,
   3. Hall CE,
   4. et al

   . Aggressive mechanical clot disruption: a safe adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke? Stroke 2005;36:292–96

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Kim EY,
   2. Heo JH,
   3. Lee SK,
   4. et al

   . Prediction of thrombolytic efficacy in acute ischemic stroke using thin-section noncontrast CT. Neurology 2006;67:1846–48

   CrossRef
7. 7.↵
   1. Kulcsar Z,
   2. Bonvin C,
   3. Pereira VM,
   4. et al

   . Penumbra system: a novel mechanical thrombectomy device for large-vessel occlusions in acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:628–33

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   1. Lee KY,
   2. Han SW,
   3. Kim SH,
   4. et al

   . Early recanalization after intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator as assessed by pre- and post-thrombolytic angiography in acute ischemic stroke patients. Stroke 2007;38:192–93

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Schumacher HC,
   2. Meyers PM,
   3. Higashida RT,
   4. et al

   . Reporting standards for angioplasty and stent-assisted angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009;20:S451–73

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Suh DC,
    2. Kim JK,
    3. Choi CG,
    4. et al

    . Prognostic factors for neurologic outcome after endovascular revascularization of acute symptomatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1167–71

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    1. Lau AY,
    2. Wong EH,
    3. Wong A,
    4. et al

    . Significance of good collateral compensation in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;33:517–24

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Liebeskind DS,
    2. Cotsonis GA,
    3. Saver JL,
    4. et al

    . Collateral circulation in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011;31:1293–301

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Roth C,
    2. Papanagiotou P,
    3. Behnke S,
    4. et al

    . Stent-assisted mechanical recanalization for treatment of acute intracerebral artery occlusions. Stroke 2010;41:2559–67

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Liebeskind DS,
    2. Cotsonis GA,
    3. Saver JL,
    4. et al

    . Collaterals dramatically alter stroke risk in intracranial atherosclerosis. Ann Neurol 2011;69:963–74

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Almekhlafi MA,
    2. Hu WY,
    3. Hill MD,
    4. et al

    . Calcification and endothelialization of thrombi in acute stroke. Ann Neurol 2008;64:344–48

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Imai K,
    2. Mori T,
    3. Izumoto H,
    4. et al

    . MR imaging-based localized intra-arterial thrombolysis assisted by mechanical clot disruption for acute ischemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:748–52

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    1. Kole M,
    2. Amin B,
    3. Marin H,
    4. et al

    . Intracranial angioplasty and stent placement for direct cerebral revascularization of nonacute intracranial occlusions and near occlusions. Neurosurg Focus 2009;26:E3

    PubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Mordasini P,
    2. Frabetti N,
    3. Gralla J,
    4. et al

    . In vivo evaluation of the first dedicated combined flow-restoration and mechanical thrombectomy device in a swine model of acute vessel occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:294–300

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    1. Nogueira RG,
    2. Schwamm LH,
    3. Buonanno FS,
    4. et al

    . Low-pressure balloon angioplasty with adjuvant pharmacological therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by intracranial arterial occlusions. Neuroradiology 2008;50:331–40

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    1. Raychev R,
    2. Ovbiagele B

    . Endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke. Exp Opin Pharmacother 2011;12:913–30

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Sugg RM,
    2. Noser EA,
    3. Shaltoni HM,
    4. et al

    . Intra-arterial reteplase compared to urokinase for thrombolytic recanalization in acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:769–73

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
22. 22.↵
    1. Castano C,
    2. Dorado L,
    3. Guerrero C,
    4. et al

    . Mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device in large artery occlusions of the anterior circulation: a pilot study. Stroke 2010;41:1836–40

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    1. Deguchi I,
    2. Dembo T,
    3. Fukuoka T,
    4. et al

    . Usefulness of MRA-DWI mismatch in neuroendovascular therapy for acute cerebral infarction. Eur J Neurol 2012;19:114–20

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Deshmukh VR,
    2. Fiorella DJ,
    3. Albuquerque FC,
    4. et al

    . Intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: preliminary experience with platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors as adjunctive therapy. Neurosurgery 2005;56:46–54

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    1. Fesl G,
    2. Patzig M,
    3. Holtmannspoetter M,
    4. et al

    . Endovascular mechanical recanalisation after intravenous thrombolysis in acute anterior circulation stroke: the impact of a new temporary stent. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012;35:1326–31

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Froehler MT,
    2. Tateshima S,
    3. Duckwiler G,
    4. et al

    . The hyperdense vessel sign on CT predicts successful recanalization with the Merci device in acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointervent Surg 2013;5:289–93

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. 27.↵
    1. Hauck EF,
    2. Ogilvy CS,
    3. Siddiqui AH,
    4. et al

    . Direct endovascular recanalization of chronic carotid occlusion: should we do it? Case report. Neurosurgery 2010;67:E1152–59

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. Sandhu GS,
    2. Parikh PT,
    3. Hsu DP,
    4. et al

    . Outcomes of intra-arterial thrombolytic treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients with a matched defect on diffusion and perfusion MR images. J Neurointervent Surg 2012;4:105–09

    PubMed
29. 29.↵
    1. Jankowitz B,
    2. Aghaebrahim A,
    3. Zirra A,
    4. et al

    . Manual aspiration thrombectomy: adjunctive endovascular recanalization technique in acute stroke interventions. Stroke 2012;43:1408–11

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. 30.↵
    1. Kang DH,
    2. Hwang YH,
    3. Kim YS,
    4. et al

    . Direct thrombus retrieval using the reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system: forced-suction thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:283–87

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
31. 31.↵
    1. Kim SJ,
    2. Ha YS,
    3. Ryoo S,
    4. et al

    . Sulcal effacement on fluid attenuation inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging in hyperacute stroke: association with collateral flow and clinical outcomes. Stroke 2012;43:386–92

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
32. 32.↵
    1. Kwon TH,
    2. Kim BM,
    3. Nam HS,
    4. et al

    . Carotid stenting in acute ischemic stroke patients with intraluminal thrombus. Neuroradiology 2011;53:773–78

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    1. Liebeskind DS,
    2. Sanossian N,
    3. Yong WH,
    4. et al

    . CT and MRI early vessel signs reflect clot composition in acute stroke. Stroke 2011;42:1237–43

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. 34.↵
    1. Loh Y,
    2. Liebeskind DS,
    3. Shi ZS,
    4. et al

    . Partial recanalization of concomitant internal carotid-middle cerebral arterial occlusions promotes distal recanalization of residual thrombus within 24 h. J Neurointervent Surg 2011;3:38–42

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
35. 35.↵
    1. Machi P,
    2. Costalat V,
    3. Lobotesis K,
    4. et al

    . Solitaire FR thrombectomy system: immediate results in 56 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients. J Neuroint Surg 2012;4:62–66

    CrossRef
36. 36.↵
    1. Machi P,
    2. Lobotesis K,
    3. Maldonado IL,
    4. et al

    . Endovascular treatment of tandem occlusions of the anterior cerebral circulation with Solitaire FR thrombectomy system: initial experience. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:3479–84

    CrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    1. Mordasini P,
    2. Hiller M,
    3. Brekenfeld C,
    4. et al

    . In vivo evaluation of the Phenox CRC mechanical thrombectomy device in a swine model of acute vessel occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:972–78

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
38. 38.↵
    1. Park MS,
    2. Kim JT,
    3. Yoon W,
    4. et al

    . Intra-arterial thrombolysis after full-dose intravenous tPA via the “Drip and Ship” approach in patients with acute ischemic stroke: preliminary report. Chonnam Med J 2011;47:99–103

    CrossRefPubMed
39. 39.↵
    1. Parrilla G,
    2. Garcia-Villalba B,
    3. Espinosa de Rueda M,
    4. et al

    . Hemorrhage/contrast staining areas after mechanical intra-arterial thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: imaging findings and clinical significance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1791–96

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
40. 40.↵
    1. Prothmann S,
    2. Lockau H,
    3. Dorn F,
    4. et al

    . The Phenox clot retriever as part of a multimodal mechanical thrombectomy approach in acute ischemic stroke: single center experience in 56 patients. Sci World J [Epub ahead of print 24 April 2012]
41. 41.↵
    1. Psychogios MN,
    2. Kreusch A,
    3. Wasser K,
    4. et al

    . Recanalization of large intracranial vessels using the Penumbra system: a single center experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1488–93

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
42. 42.↵
    1. Roth C,
    2. Junk D,
    3. Papanagiotou P,
    4. et al

    . A comparison of 2 stroke devices: the new Aperio clot-removal device and the Solitaire AB/FR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1317–20

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
43. 43.↵
    1. Siemonsen S,
    2. Lobel U,
    3. Sedlacik J,
    4. et al

    . Elevated T2-values in MRI of stroke patients shortly after symptom onset do not predict irreversible tissue infarction. Brain 2012;135:1981–89

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
44. 44.↵
    1. Sauvageau E,
    2. Levy EI

    . Self-expanding stent-assisted middle cerebral artery recanalization: technical note. Neuroradiology 2006;48:405–08

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
45. 45.↵
    1. Stampfl S,
    2. Hartmann M,
    3. Ringleb PA,
    4. et al

    . Stent placement for flow restoration in acute ischemic stroke: a single-center experience with the Solitaire stent system. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:1245–48

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
46. 46.↵
    1. Tatum J,
    2. Farid H,
    3. Cooke D,
    4. et al

    . Mechanical embolectomy for treatment of large vessel acute ischemic stroke in children. J Neurointervent Surg 2013;5:128–34

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
47. 47.↵
    1. Alhazzaa M,
    2. Murphy A,
    3. Lum C,
    4. et al

    . Angioplasty as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Can J Neurol Sci 2011;38:593–99

    PubMed
48. 48.↵
    1. Yin NS,
    2. Benavides S,
    3. Starkman S,
    4. et al

    . Autopsy findings after intracranial thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a clinicopathologic study of 5 patients. Stroke 2010;41:938–47

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
49. 49.↵
    1. Zhu L,
    2. Liebeskind DS,
    3. Jahan R,
    4. et al

    . Thrombus branching and vessel curvature are important determinants of middle cerebral artery trunk recanalization with Merci thrombectomy devices. Stroke 2012;43:787–92

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
50. 50.↵
    1. Ribo M,
    2. Molina CA,
    3. Alvarez B,
    4. et al

    . Intra-arterial administration of microbubbles and continuous 2-MHz ultrasound insonation to enhance intra-arterial thrombolysis. J Neuroimaging 2010;20:224–27

    PubMed
51. 51.↵
    1. Kulcsar Z,
    2. Bonvin C,
    3. Lovblad KO,
    4. et al

    . Use of the Enterprise intracranial stent for revascularization of large vessel occlusions in acute stroke. Klinische Neuroradiologie [Epub ahead of print 28 Feb 2010]
52. 52.↵
    1. Belisle JG,
    2. McCollom VE,
    3. Tytle TL,
    4. et al

    . Intraarterial therapy for acute ischemic strokes. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009;20:327–33

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
53. 53.↵
    1. King S,
    2. Khatri P,
    3. Carrozella J,
    4. et al

    . Anterior cerebral artery emboli in combined intravenous and intra-arterial rtPA treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the IMS I and II trials. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1890–94

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
54. 54.↵
    1. Levy EI,
    2. Mehta R,
    3. Gupta R,
    4. et al

    . Self-expanding stents for recanalization of acute cerebrovascular occlusions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:816–22

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
55. 55.↵
    1. Seifert M,
    2. Ahlbrecht A,
    3. Dohmen C,
    4. et al

    . Combined interventional stroke therapy using intracranial stent and local intraarterial thrombolysis (LIT). Neuroradiology 2011;53:273–82

    CrossRefPubMed
56. 56.↵
    1. Ribo M,
    2. Molina C,
    3. Alvarez B,
    4. et al

    . Buying time for recanalization in acute stroke: arterial blood infusion beyond the occluding clot as a neuroprotective strategy. J Neuroimaging 2009;19:188–90

    CrossRefPubMed
57. 57.↵
    1. Tomsick T,
    2. Broderick J,
    3. Carrozella J,
    4. et al

    . Revascularization results in the Interventional Management of Stroke II trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:582–87

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
58. 58.↵
    1. Watanabe M,
    2. Mori T,
    3. Imai K,
    4. et al

    . Endovascular interventions for patients with serious symptoms caused by embolic carotid T occlusion. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2011;51:282–88

    CrossRefPubMed
59. 59.↵
    1. Yoo AJ,
    2. Verduzco LA,
    3. Schaefer PW,
    4. et al

    . MRI-based selection for intra-arterial stroke therapy: value of pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume in selecting patients with acute stroke who will benefit from early recanalization. Stroke 2009;40:2046–54

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
60. 60.↵
    1. Ikushima I,
    2. Ohta H,
    3. Hirai T,
    4. et al

    . Balloon catheter disruption of middle cerebral artery thrombus in conjunction with thrombolysis for the treatment of acute middle cerebral artery embolism. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:513–17

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
61. 61.↵
    1. Khatri P,
    2. Abruzzo T,
    3. Yeatts SD,
    4. et al

    . Good clinical outcome after ischemic stroke with successful revascularization is time-dependent. Neurology 2009;73:1066–72

    CrossRef
62. 62.↵
    1. Lee JS,
    2. Hong JM,
    3. Kim EJ,
    4. et al

    . Comparison of the incidence of parenchymal hematoma and poor outcome in patients with carotid terminus occlusion treated with intra-arterial urokinase alone or with combined IV rtPA and intra-arterial urokinase. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:175–79

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
63. 63.↵
    1. Li YH,
    2. Li MH,
    3. Zhao ZG,
    4. et al

    . Comparison of MRI-based thrombolysis for patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion <or =3 h and 3–6 h. Neurology India 2009;57:426–33

    CrossRefPubMed
64. 64.↵
    1. Liu W,
    2. Yin Q,
    3. Yao L,
    4. et al

    . Decreased hyperintense vessels on FLAIR images after endovascular recanalization of symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:1595–600

    CrossRefPubMed
65. 65.↵
    1. Gandini R,
    2. Pampana E,
    3. Del Giudice C,
    4. et al

    . Acute stroke treatment using the Penumbra endovascular mechanical thrombolysis device: a single-centre experience. La Radiologia Medica 2012;117:1199–214

    CrossRefPubMed
66. 66.↵
    1. Bang JS,
    2. Oh CW,
    3. Jung C,
    4. et al

    . Intracranial stent placement for recanalization of acute cerebrovascular occlusion in 32 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1222–25

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
67. 67.↵
    1. Hallevi H,
    2. Barreto AD,
    3. Liebeskind DS,
    4. et al

    . Identifying patients at high risk for poor outcome after intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2009;40:1780–85

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
68. 68.↵
    1. Costalat V,
    2. Machi P,
    3. Lobotesis K,
    4. et al

    . Rescue, combined, and stand-alone thrombectomy in the management of large vessel occlusion stroke using the Solitaire device: a prospective 50-patient single-center study: timing, safety, and efficacy. Stroke 2011;42:1929–35

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
69. 69.↵
    1. Dababneh H,
    2. Guerrero WR,
    3. Khanna A,
    4. et al

    . Management of tandem occlusion stroke with endovascular therapy. Neurosurg Focus 2012;32:E16

    CrossRefPubMed
70. 70.↵
    1. Khatri P,
    2. Broderick JP,
    3. Khoury JC,
    4. et al

    . Microcatheter contrast injections during intra-arterial thrombolysis may increase intracranial hemorrhage risk. Stroke 2008;39:3283–87

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
71. 71.↵
    1. Kwon JH,
    2. Shin SH,
    3. Weon YC,
    4. et al

    . Intra-arterial adjuvant tirofiban after unsuccessful intra-arterial thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke: preliminary experience in 16 patients. Neuroradiology 2011;53:779–85

    CrossRefPubMed
72. 72.↵
    1. Rohde S,
    2. Haehnel S,
    3. Herweh C,
    4. et al

    . Mechanical thrombectomy in acute embolic stroke: preliminary results with the Revive device. Stroke 2011;42:2954–56

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
73. 73.↵
    1. San Roman L,
    2. Obach V,
    3. Blasco J,
    4. et al

    . Single-center experience of cerebral artery thrombectomy using the TREVO device in 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012;43:1657–59

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
74. 74.↵
    1. Wehrschuetz M,
    2. Wehrschuetz E,
    3. Augustin M,
    4. et al

    . Early single center experience with the Solitaire thrombectomy device for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Intervent Neuroradiol 2011;17:235–40
75. 75.↵
    1. Yoo AJ,
    2. Chaudhry ZA,
    3. Nogueira RG,
    4. et al

    . Infarct volume is a pivotal biomarker after intra-arterial stroke therapy. Stroke 2012;43: 1323–30

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
76. 76.↵
    1. Tomsick T

    . TIMI, TIBI, TICI: I came, I saw, I got confused. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:382–84

    FREE Full Text
77. 77.↵
    1. Gibson CM,
    2. Cannon CP,
    3. Daley WL,
    4. et al

    . TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow. Circulation 1996;93:879–88

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
78. 78.↵
    1. Soares BP,
    2. Chien JD,
    3. Wintermark M

    . MR and CT monitoring of recanalization, reperfusion, and penumbra salvage: everything that recanalizes does not necessarily reperfuse! Stroke 2009;40:S24–27

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
79. 79.↵
    1. Cloft HJ,
    2. Kallmes DF

    . Scaling back on scales with a scale of scales. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:219–20

    FREE Full Text