Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A 61-year-old woman with a right sigmoid sinus DAVF. A, Right internal carotid artery angiogram in an anteroposterior projection shows early opacification of the right sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein with retrograde venous drainage through cerebral vein. B and C, After venous sheaths are placed in the bilateral internal jugular veins, trapping of the right sigmoid sinus is performed with a vascular plug (through the right internal jugular vein) and 28 GDCs (through the left internal jugular vein access). D, The fistula is completely obliterated after embolization.
- Fig 2.
A 63-year-old man with a left indirect CCF. A, Left ICA angiogram in a lateral projection shows early opacification of the cavernous sinus with venous drainage mainly through the left superior ophthalmic vein. B and C, After a 6F sheath is placed into the left internal jugular vein (B), a microcatheter is navigated through the left facial vein, left angular vein, and left superior ophthalmic vein into the left cavernous sinus (C). After 16 GDCs were deployed, the left cavernous sinus was completely occluded without residual fistula.
- Fig 3.
A 53-year-old man with bilateral indirect CCFs. A and B, Left ICA angiogram in lateral (A) and anteroposterior (B) projections shows early opacification of bilateral cavernous sinuses with venous drainage through the bilateral superior ophthalmic vein. C, After the venous access is established, a microcatheter is navigated through the right facial vein, right superior ophthalmic vein, right cavernous sinus, and left cavernous sinus and into the left superior ophthalmic vein. Then embolization of bilateral superior ophthalmic veins and cavernous sinuses is performed with 31 GDCs. D, No residual fistula is seen on the postembolization angiogram.
- Fig 4.
A 54-year-old woman with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. A and B, Left internal carotid artery angiogram, venous phase, in anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) projections shows occlusion of superior sagittal sinus, right transverse sinus, right sigmoid sinus, and left transverse sinus (not shown). C, After a 6F guiding catheter is placed into the superior sagittal sinus, angioplasty with a balloon catheter is performed. D, After subsequent 48-hour chemical thrombolysis with urokinase, recanalization of the superior sagittal sinus and left transvenous sinus is confirmed in MR venography 3 days and 6 months later (not shown).
Tables
Demographics Data Mean age (yr) 52.5 ± 17.3 Sex Male 16 Female 26 Coagulation profile Prothrombin time (international normalized ratio) 11.09 ± 0.09 Activated partial thromboplastin time 25.74 ± 3.33 Platelets 223589 ± 60921 Diagnosis DAVF, without venous occlusion 11 DAVF, with venous occlusion 5 Venous occlusion 1 CCF 22 DAVF and CCF 1 Cushing syndrome 2 -
↵a N = 42.
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Procedure Data Classification of intervention (n = 44) Transvenous embolization 40 Thrombolysis 1 Venous angioplasty and stenting 1 Venous sampling 2 Neck puncture site (n = 44) Right internal jugular vein 18 Left internal jugular vein 20 Bilateral internal jugular veins 6 Embolizer used in transvenous embolization (n = 40) Microcoil 36 Microcoil and vascular plug 1 Microcoil and n-BCA 1 n-BCA 2 Concurrent transarterial embolization (n = 10) ICA 1 ECA 9
