Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A 51-year-old female patient harboring a right frontal AVM previously treated with embolization with n-BCA, followed by radiosurgery in 2001. A, DSA, frontal view, right ICA injection, demonstrates the remaining nidus fed by tiny branches from the ACA and MCA. B, DSA, lateral view, right ECA, shows arterial nourishing from the MCA, through collaterals with a frontal branch of the ACA, which are filled by arterioarterial aspiration of the MMA. A superficial draining vein is also visualized. C, Plain radiography shows the 2 microcatheters, 1 placed in the MMA and the other positioned in the MCA (black arrows). D, DSA, right ICA, right oblique view, shows persistence of a small residual nidus after injection of 3.2 mL of Onyx (black arrow). E, Plain radiography, frontal view, shows the final cast of Onyx and glue after the end of the treatment. F and G, DSA, ICA frontal view (F) and ECA lateral view (G), demonstrates complete exclusion of the AVM after embolization.
- Fig 2.
A 13-year-old girl harboring a ruptured right frontal AVM. A, DSA, right oblique view, right ICA injection, demonstrates a frontal AVM nidus fed by branches from ACA and MCA. B, DSA, right oblique view, right ICA injection, shows a deep remnant nidus after 2 sessions of embolization. C, Plain radiography, right oblique view, shows the 2 microcatheters, 1 placed in the ACA and the other placed in the MCA (black arrows). D, DSA, right ICA, right oblique view, demonstrates the small remnant nidus after the injection of 9.5 mL of Onyx (black arrow). E, ICA roadmap image, left oblique view, shows the catheterization of the feeder artery helped by a HyperForm balloon. F, DSA, right ICA, plain radiography, right oblique view, shows the final cast of Onyx after the end of treatment. G, DSA, right common carotid artery, lateral view, at the end of treatment, demonstrates complete exclusion of the AVM. H, DSA, right ICA, frontal view at 6-month follow-up, shows the stability of the occlusion.
Tables
Characteristics No. (%) Symptoms Hemorrhage 8 (47.1) Seizures 7 (41.2) Incidental 2 (11.8) Location Hemisphere Frontal 6 (35.3) Parietal 2 (11.8) Temporal 5 (29.4) Temporoparietal 1 (5.9) Deep brain Corpus callosum 2 (11.8) Cerebellum Hemisphere 1 (5.9) Spetzler-Martin grade I 3 (17.6) II 5 (29.4) III 6 (35.3) IV 3 (17.6) Results No. (%) No. of sessions 1 12 (70.6) 2 3 (17.6) 3 2 (11.8) Angiographic results Complete 16 (94.1) Subtotal + surgery 1 (5.9) Technical complications None 15 (88.2) Hemorrhage 2 (11.8) Clinical complications None 15 (88.2) Transitory 1 (5.9) Permanent 1 (5.9) Deaths 0 (0)
