Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A, Anteroposterior angiogram of the left common carotid artery in a swine. The arrow points to the origin of the APA, which is occluded here due to a clot in the vessel. A radio-opaque clot is not seen in this subtracted angiogram. B, Right anterior oblique angiogram of the left common carotid artery following deployment of the device shows immediate TIMI 2 flow restoration, with patency of the APA. Thin arrows point to the length of the clot, while the thick arrows show the length of device deployed. C, Right anterior oblique angiogram of the left common carotid artery postretrieval of the clot shows TIMI 3 complete recanalization. Arrow points to the original site of occlusion in the vessel.
- Fig 2.
A, Anteroposterior angiogram of the left common carotid artery in swine. Occlusion of the APA is seen (arrow). B, Right anterior oblique angiogram of the left common carotid artery with the device deployed shows immediate flow restoration. The thin arrows indicate the proximal and distal aspects of the clot, while the thick arrows point to the proximal and distal ends of the device. C, Right anterior oblique angiogram of the left common carotid artery postretrieval of the clot shows complete restoration of flow. Arrow shows the original site of occlusion.
- Fig 3.
A, The Solitaire FR Revascularization Device. Note the stent-like design with attached delivery wire allowing deployment and retrieval of the device. B, The upper panel shows an in vitro image of the device deployed within a clot in a silicone tube. Note compression of the clot by the device. The lower panel shows colored saline flowing through the open channel created by the device, simulating immediate flow restoration as seen in Figs 1B and 2B.
Tables
Vessel Animal Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 R APA L APA R APA L APA R APA L APA Vessel diameter 2 2.5 2 2.1 2.1 2.3 Clot type Soft Soft Soft Firm Firm Firm TIMI postdevice deploymenta 0 2 N/Ab 0 1 2 Time to immediate flow (min)c N/A 3 N/Ab N/A 3 5 Clot retrieved Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No. passes with device 1 1 1 2 1 1 Final TIMI post-clot retrieval 3 3 3 3 3 3 Time to successful recanalization (min)d 7 6 9 35 4 8 Distal embolization No No No No No No Vessel damage No No No No No No Vasospasm Present Present Present Present Present Present Thrombus No No No No No No a TIMI flow immediately postdeployment of the device into the clot.
b Angiogram not obtained after deployment of device.
c Time from insertion of microcatheter into the guide catheter to immediate flow restoration.
d Time from insertion of microcatheter to retrieval of clot into the guide catheter.
Vessel Animal 7 Renal A Animal 8 Renal A Animal 9 Renal A Lower L Upper L Upper R Lower R Lower L Upper L Upper R Lower R Vessel diameter 1.8 2 2 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 Chronic period (days) 33 33 33 33 102 102 91 91 TIMI post-chronic period 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 Distal embolizationa No No No No No No No No Vessel damagea No No No No Nob Nob No No Vasospasma Present only at time 0 Present only at time 0 Present only at time 0 Present only at time 0 Present only at time 0 Present only at time 0 Present only at time 0 Present only at time 0 Thrombusa No No No No No No No No Proliferation, medial/adventitialc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thickening, intimalc 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 Inflammation, chronicc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inflammation, granulomatousc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stenosis 5% 5% 1% 5% 1% 5% 5% 5% a Distal embolization, vessel damage, vasospasm, and thrombus were evaluated at time 0 and at the chronic period. The rating is for both time periods, unless stated otherwise.
b There were no angiographic observations of vessel damage, but the entire kidney was diminished in size.
c Severity grade of lesions at histology: 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = marked.
