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Research ArticleBRAIN
Open Access

Alterations in Cortical Thickness and White Matter Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Measured by Whole-Brain Cortical Thickness Mapping and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

L. Wang, F.C. Goldstein, E. Veledar, A.I. Levey, J.J. Lah, C.C. Meltzer, C.A. Holder and H. Mao
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2009, 30 (5) 893-899; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1484
L. Wang
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F.C. Goldstein
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E. Veledar
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A.I. Levey
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J.J. Lah
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C.C. Meltzer
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C.A. Holder
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H. Mao
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    Fig 1.

    Examples of ROIs placed in the temporal (A) and prefrontal (B) areas and CC (C) of the FA map.

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    Fig 2.

    Cortical thickness was measured in cortical structures shown in this 3D rendering view of the brain from outside (A) and inside (B). The cortical structures, where statistically significant changes were observed in the MCI groups, are highlighted in the different colors to distinguish each cortical region, which is numbered as 1, bankssts; 2, entorhinal; 3, frontal pole; 4, fusiform; 5, inferior temporal; 6, middle temporal; 7, paracentral; 8, parahippocampal; 9, pars orbitalis; 10, pars triangularis; 11, postcentral; 12, rostral middle frontal; 13, superior parietal; 14, superior temporal.

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    Fig 3.

    FA (A) and ADC (B) values in different ROIs of the MCI and control groups.

  • Fig 4.
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    Fig 4.

    Decreases in cortical thickness were observed in the MCI group in several cortical structures (colored) of the left and right hemisphere. Bank, bankssts (ie, cortical areas around superior temporal sulcus); En, entorhinal; FP, frontal pole; FF, fusiform; IFT, inferior temporal; MT, middle temporal; ParaC, paracentral; PH, parahippocampal; PO, pars orbitalis; PT, pars triangularis; PostC, postcentral; RMF, rostral middle frontal; SP, superior parietal; ST, superior temporal areas.

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    Fig 5.

    The levels of sensitivity and specificity to predicting MCI are shown in the plot of the ROC analysis. Combining the FA measurement of WM changes and the cortical thickness measurement of GM changes in the left hemisphere resulted in the increased AUC (blue line), ie, improved sensitivity and specificity to differentiate MCI from the control subjects compared with those of the FA measurement (red) or cortical thickness analysis (green) alone.

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    Table 1:

    Demographic and clinical features of the participants

    MCI (n = 10)Healthy Control Subjects (n = 10)P value
    Mean (SD) age (y)72.2 (7.7)70.1 (7.7)0.50
    Mean (SD) education (y)14.0 (4.0)15.2 (4.1)0.20
    Race10/10 White9/10 White; 1 African American—
    Sex7 Female, 3 Male5 Female, 5 Male0.62
    Mean (SD) MMSE26.4 (2.2)29.7 (0.5)0.0007
    • Note:—MCI indicates mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.

    • View popup
    Table 2:

    Pearson correlations between changes in cortical thickness in the GM and changes of WM integrity in ROIs in the left temporal lobes of MCI group

    DTI Measurements*Subject GroupsCortical Thickness†
    FusiformMiddle TemporalInferior TemporalParahippocampalPars TriangularisSuperior Temporal
    FA (r)Control0.300.110.430.030.300.28
    MCI−0.18−0.34−0.15−0.30−0.73−0.28
    ADC (r)Control−0.52−0.49−059−0.70−0.47−0.55
    MCI−0.190.190.01−0.55−0.040.12
    • Note:—ADC indicates apparent diffusion coefficient; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; FA, fractional anisotropy; GM, gray matter; WM, white matter; ROI, region of interest.

    • * FA and ADC were averaged.

    • † Only cortical structures with statistically significant changes are shown.

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    Table 3:

    Sensitivity and specificity to predict MCI with different imaging measurements of WM and GM changes*

    ModalCortical RegionsSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Accuracy (%)AUC
    DTI indicesLeft temporal FA1.000.600.800.83
    Left temporal ADC0.800.800.800.86
    Cortical thicknessEntorhinal0.900.700.800.84
    Middle temporal1.000.600.800.81
    Parahippocampal0.601.000.800.80
    Superior temporal0.700.800.750.78
    FA plus cortical thicknessLeft temporal FA plus entorhinal0.800.800.800.87
    Left temporal FA plus middle temporal0.800.900.850.92
    Left temporal FA plus parahippocampal0.901.000.950.98
    Left temporal FA plus superior temporal1.000.600.800.90
    ADC plus cortical thicknessLeft temporal ADC plus entorhinal0.900.900.900.92
    Left temporal ADC plus middle temporal0.900.900.900.94
    Left temporal ADC plus parahippocampal1.000.600.800.87
    Left temporal ADC plus superior temporal0.900.900.900.92
    • Note:—AUC indicates area under the curve.

    • * The accuracy and quality of prediction are shown as increases in AUC when DTI and cortical thickness measurements are used concurrently.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 30 (5)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
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May 2009
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Cite this article
L. Wang, F.C. Goldstein, E. Veledar, A.I. Levey, J.J. Lah, C.C. Meltzer, C.A. Holder, H. Mao
Alterations in Cortical Thickness and White Matter Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Measured by Whole-Brain Cortical Thickness Mapping and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2009, 30 (5) 893-899; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1484

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Alterations in Cortical Thickness and White Matter Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Measured by Whole-Brain Cortical Thickness Mapping and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
L. Wang, F.C. Goldstein, E. Veledar, A.I. Levey, J.J. Lah, C.C. Meltzer, C.A. Holder, H. Mao
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2009, 30 (5) 893-899; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1484
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