Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A, Lateral angiogram image after superselective injection of the internal maxillary artery before embolization demonstrates the characteristic patchy mucosal telangiectasias in a patient with HHT.
B, After embolization with 250–355-μm PVA particles, the abnormal mucosal telangiectasias are no longer visualized.
Tables
- Table 1:
Comparison of angiographic findings and treatment parameters between patients with HHT and patients with idiopathic epistaxis
Normal Angiogram Required Multiple Embolizations HHT 1/12 (8%) 6/12 (50%) Idiopathic 7/10 (70%) 1/10 (10%) P = .0062 P = 0.0743 Previous surgery for epistaxis HHT 8/12 (67%) Idiopathic 4/10 (40%) P = .3913 Mean number of vessels embolized HHT 2.75 Idiopathic 2.27 P = .1975 Bilateral ECA vessel embolization performed HHT 15/16 (94%) Idiopathic 7/11 (64%) P = .1252 Note:—HHT indicates hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; ECA, external carotid artery. P values were calculated using the Fisher exact test for categoric data and t test for continuous data.
- Table 2:
Comparison of embolization efficacy between patients with HHT and those with idiopathic epistaxis
HHT Idiopathic Resolved after 1 embolization 3/12 (25%) 8/10 (80%) Resolved after multiple embolizations 3/12 (25%) 1/10 (10%) Rebleed requiring surgery 4/12 (33%) 1/10 (10%) Significant continued bleeding despite surgery and embolization 2/12 (17%) 0/10 (0%) Note:—HHT indicates hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
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