Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Regional cortical gray matter (GM) reduction in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) relative to healthy subjects (HS). Significant voxels are superimposed on selected sections of spatially normalized MR images from a control subject. The main regions with lower GM volume were left middle temporal gyrus and the subgyral region (A), right inferior frontal gyrus (B), and frontal and temporal areas (C).
Tables
Test Healthy Subjects (9) ALS Patients (16) P Age (years) 51.8 (12.7) 58.6 (10.2) NS Education (years) 10.0 (4.6) 8.7 (3.1) NS MMSE (cs) 28.2 (1.6) 26.6 (2.9) NS SPMT (z) −0.5 (0.6) −0.6 (0.5) NS BPIT 10 (z) −0.1 (1.3) 0.0 (0.9) NS BPIT 30 (z) −0.1 (0.9) −0.1 (1.1) NS FAS (z) −0.4 (0.8) −0.6 (1.3) NS Stroop Word (z) −0.5 (1.2) −2.8 (4.1) NS Color (z) −1.6 (2.5) −4.4 (3.8) NS Interference (z) −0.7 (1.6) −1.9 (2.4) NS SDMT (z) −1.4 (0.9) −2.3 (1.1) .025 Note:—Data are presented as mean (SD). P values were determined with the use of the Mann Whitney U test. ALS indicates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; cs, corrected score; Z, Z-score; NS, not significant; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; SPMT, Spinnler Prose Memory Test; BPIT 10, Brown-Peterson Interference Test at 10 seconds; BPIT 30, Brown-Peterson Interference Test at 30 seconds; FAS, Verbal Fluency Test; Stroop, Stroop Color/Word Interference Test; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
Healthy Subjects ALS Patients P BPF 0.849 (0.019) 0.827 (0.019) 0.012 NBV [ml] 1433.9 (86.1) 1392.4 (78.9) NS NGMV [ml] 724.6 (43.6) 711.5 (46.6) NS NWMV [ml] 709.3 (48.5) 680.9 (46.4) NS Note:—P values were determined with the use of the Mann Whitney U test. BPF indicates brain parenchymal fraction; NBV, normalized brain volume; NGMV, normalized gray matter volume; NWMV, normalized white matter volume.
- Table 3:
Gray-matter volume loss in patients with ALS compared to healthy subjects (P < .001, uncorrected)
Anatomical Location Cluster Size k MNI Coordinates* (mm) Z-Score x y z Right temporal lobe Subgyral 439 42 −13 −23 3.80 Superior temporal gyrus-uncus 75 33 8 −27 3.24 Middle temporal gyrus 366 58 5 −26 3.33 Parahippocampal gyrus 1047 32 −11 −9 3.53 Middle temporal gyrus 186 61 −5 −14 3.55 Left temporal lobe Middle temporal gyrus 200 −58 3 −21 3.33 Subgyral 1464 −36 −4 −17 3.84 Right frontal lobe Inferior frontal gyrus 292 43 23 −14 3.31 Inferior frontal gyrus 197 29 19 −9 3.34 Extranuclear insula 704 33 −1 22 4.01 Superior frontal gyrus 81 39 57 32 3.41 Left frontal lobe Inferior frontal gyrus 112 −40 23 −13 3.36 Insula 147 −31 4 15 3.39 * The coordinates refer to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space and denote the areas of maximal gray matter volume loss within each cluster.
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