Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
MR imaging volumetry in a patient with right TLE. Axial view of the right caudate head and thalamus (A) and sagittal image of the right caudate head, thalamus, and cerebellar hemisphere (B).
Tables
Control Participants (n = 20) RTLE (n = 20) LTLE (n = 20) Handedness (right-handed) 20 (100) 20 (100) 18 (90) Sex (male) 9 (45) 10 (50) 9 (45) Age at onset (years) NA 14 ± 13 13 ± 15 Duration of epilepsy (years) NA 20 ± 11 23 ± 10 GTCS NA 11 (55) 12 (60) GTCS frequency (per year) NA 11 ± 15 14 ± 20 MRI Findings HA None 17 (85) 13 (65) Nonlesional, no HA None 2 (10) 4 (20) Extrahippocampal lesions None 1 (5) 3 (15) Etiology Unknown NA 9 7 Meningitis, abscess NA 5 4 Neoplasm NA 1 2 Cortical dysplasia NA 4 3 Trauma, infarct NA 1 3 Cavernous hemangioma NA None 1 Note:—TLE indicates temporal lobe epilepsy/resection; GTCS, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; HA, hippocampal atrophy; NA, not applicable. Values (in parentheses are percentages.
Structures Subjects Control Participants Right TLE Left TLE Hippocampus Mean R volume 3011 (408) 2101 (506)* 3078 (501) Mean L volume 2857 (409) 2943 (510) 2238 (729)* R/L volume ratio 1.06 (0.05)‡ 0.73 (0.22)‡ 1.47 (0.38)‡ Amygdala Mean R volume 1608 (167) 1533 (248) 1667 (237) Mean L volume 1497 (186) 1610 (185) 1440 (400) R/L volume ratio 1.08 (0.06)‡ 0.95 (0.16)‡ 1.24 (0.41)‡ Thalamus Mean R volume 6360 (445) 5217 (797)* 5811 (1056)‡ Mean L volume 6484 (575) 5716 (862)* 5361 (884)† R/L volume ratio 0.98 (0.07) 0.91 (0.09)‡ 1.09 (0.11)‡ Caudate head Mean R volume 3263 (445) 3236 (362) 3248 (440) Mean L volume 3297 (394) 3382 (449) 3271 (514) R/L volume ratio 0.99 (0.06) 0.96 (0.05) 0.99 (0.06) Cerebellar hemispheres Mean R volume 71451 (8589) 66890 (9465) 66756 (8907) Mean L volume 72210 (8347) 68093 (9164) 68134 (9258) R/L volume ratio 0.99 (0.03) 0.98 (0.03) 0.99 (0.03) Note:—Volumes expressed as mm3, ( ) indicate standard deviations, R indicates right; L, left; R/L, right divided by left; TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy/resection.
* Statistically significant difference between the patient groups and control subjects (p < .0001).
† Statistically significant difference between one patient group and control subjects (p < .02).
‡ Statistically significant difference between 2 or 3 groups (p < .05).
Model Onset R2 = 0.21 Duration R2 = 0.38 GTCS R2 = 0.67 β SE T P β SE T P β SE T P Intercept 0.71 7.12 0.10 0.92 139.7 66.10 2.11 0.04 24.69 8.41 2.93 0.01 Hippocampus 0.30 2.08 0.15 0.88 −13.07 19.38 −0.67 0.50 2.17 2.45 0.88 0.39 Amygdala −4.01 2.60 −1.54 0.13 −9.55 24.18 −0.39 0.69 −12.02 4.10 −2.93 0.01* Thalamus 5.98 2.33 2.56 0.01* −62.93 21.69 −2.90 0.007* −1.50 3.17 −0.47 0.64 Caudate −1.90 3.06 −0.62 0.53 1.44 28.48 0.05 0.96 7.72 3.54 2.18 0.04* Cerebellum 0.16 5.84 0.03 0.97 −46.93 54.24 −0.87 0.39 −23.00 7.30 −3.15 0.008* Note:—GTCS indicates generalized tonic-clonic seizures. All results are expressed as coefficients (β), standard error (SE), T-statistic (T), and P value (P).
* Statistical significance.
