Giant Tumefactive Perivascular Spaces

References

1. ↵
   Ozturk MH, Aydingoz U. Comparison of MR signal intensities of cerebral perivascular (Virchow-Robin) and subarachnoid spaces. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2002;26:902–904

   CrossRefPubMed
2. ↵
   Song CJ, Kim JH, Kier EL, Bronen RA. MR imaging and histologic features of subinsular bright spots on T2–weighted MR images: Virchow-Robin spaces of the extreme capsule and insular cortex. Radiology 2000;214:671–677

   PubMedWeb of Science
3. ↵
   Pollock H, Hutchings M, Weller RO, Zhang ET. Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia of the human brain: their relationship to lacunes. J Anat 1997;191:337–346
4. ↵
   Heier LA, Bauer CJ, Schwartz L, et al. Large Virchow-Robin spaces: MR –clinical correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989;10:929–936

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. ↵
   Shiratori K, Mrowka M, Toussaint A, Spalke G, Bien S. Extreme, unilateral widening of Virchow-Robin spaces: case report. Neuroradiology 2002;44:990–992

   CrossRefPubMed
6. ↵
   Kanamalla US, Calabro F, Jinkins JR. Cavernous dilatation of mesencephalic Virchow-Robin spaces with obstructive hydrocephalus. Neuroradiology 2000;42:881–884

   CrossRefPubMed
7. ↵
   Homeyer P, Cornu P, Lacomblez L, et al. A special form of cerebral lacunae: expanding lacunae. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1996;61:200–202

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. ↵
   Jungreis CA, Kanal E, Hirsch WL, et al. Normal perivascular spaces mimicking lacunar infarction: MR imaging. Radiology 1988;169:101–102

   PubMedWeb of Science
9. ↵
   Ogawa R, Okudera T, Fukasawa H, et al. Unusual widening of Virchow-Robin spaces: MR appearance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:1238–1242

   Abstract
10. ↵
    Poirier J, Barbizet J, Gaston A, Meyrignac C. Thalamic dementia. Expansive lacunae of the thalamo-paramedian mesencephalic area. Hydrocephalus caused by stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1983;139:349–358

    PubMed
11. ↵
    Poirier J, Gray F, Gherardi R, Derouesné C. Cerebral lacunae. A new neuropathological classification. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1985;44:312
12. ↵
    Ugawa Y, Shirouzu I, Terao Y, et al. Physiological analyses of a patient with extreme widening of Virchow-Robin spaces. J Neurol Sci 1998;159:25–27

    CrossRefPubMed
13. ↵
    Benhaìem-Sigaux N, Gray F, Gherardi R, et al. Expanding cerebellar lacunae due to dilatation of the perivascular space associated with Binswanger’s subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Stroke 1987;18:1087–1092

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    Demaerel P, Wilms G, Baert AL. Widening of Virchow-Robin spaces [letter]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17:800–801

    FREE Full Text
15. ↵
    Vital C, Julian J. Widespread dilatation of perivascular spaces: A leukoencephalopathy causing dementia. Neuroradiology 1997;48:1310–1313
16. ↵
    Fénelon G, Gray F, Wallays C, et al. Parkinsonism and dilatation of the perivascular spaces (état criblé) of the striatum: A clinical magnetic resonance imaging and pathological study. Movement Disorders 1995;10:754–760
17. ↵
    Yetkin FZ, Fischer ME, Papke RA, Haughton VM. Focal hyperintensities in cerebral white matter on MR images of asymptomatic volunteers: correlation with social and medical histories. Am J Roentgenol 1993;161:855–858

    PubMedWeb of Science
18. ↵
    Bokura H, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi S. Distinguishing silent lacunar infarction from enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces: a magnetic resonance imaging and pathological study. J Neurol 1998;245:116–22

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. ↵
    Mascalchi M, Salvi F, Gordano U, et al. Expanding lacunae causing triventricular hydrocephalus. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 1999;91:669–674

    PubMed
20. ↵
    Komiyama M, Yasui T, Izumi T. Magnet resonance imaging features of unusually dilated Virchow-Robin spaces—two case reports. Neurol Med Chir 1998;38:161–164
21. ↵
    Sawada M, Nishi S, Hashimoto N. Unilateral appearance of markedly dilated Virchow-Robin spaces. Clin Radiol 1999;54:334–336

    CrossRefPubMed
22. ↵
    Gerard G, Weisberg LA. MRI periventricular lesions in adults. Neurology 1986;36:998–1001

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. ↵
    Drayer BP. Imaging of the aging brain. Part I. Normal findings Radiology 1988;166:785–796
24. ↵
    Awad IA, Johnson PC, Spetzler RF, Hodak JA. Incidental subcortical lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly II. Postmortem pathological correlations. Stroke 1986;17:1090–1097

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
25. Elster AD, Richardson DN. Focal high signal on MR scans of the midbrain caused by enlarged perivascular spaces: MR-pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;156:157–160

    PubMed
26. ↵
    Braffman BH, Zimmerman RA, Trojanowski JQ, Gonatas NK, Hickey WF, Schlaepfer WW. Brain MR: pathologic correlation with gross and histopathology. 1. Lacunar infarction and Virchow-Robin spaces. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;151:551–558

    PubMedWeb of Science
27. ↵
    Adachi M, Hosoya T, Haku T, Yamaguchi K. Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces: MRI pathological study. Neuroradiology 1998;40:27–31

    CrossRefPubMed
28. ↵
    Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, et al. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:637–642

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. ↵
    Derouesné C, Gray F, Escourolle R, Castaigne P. ‘Expanding cerebral lacunae’ in a hypertensive patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neuropath Appl Neurobiol 1987;13:309–320

    PubMed
30. ↵
    Weller RO. Pathology of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid of the CNS: significance for Alzheimer disease, prion disorders and multiple sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998;57:885–894

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. ↵
    Weller RO, Massey A, Newman TA, Hutchings M, Kuo YM, Roher AE. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: amyloid beta accumulates in putative interstitial fluid drainage pathways in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Pathol 1998;153:725–733

    PubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    Preston SD, Steart PV, Wilkinson A, Nicoll JAR, Weller RO. Capillary and arterial cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer’s disease: defining the perivascular route for the elimination of amyloid beta from the human brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2003;29:106–117

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. ↵
    Roher AE, Kuo YM, Esh C, et al. Cortical and Leptomeningeal Cerebro-Vascular Amyloid and White Matter Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecular Medicine 2003;9:112–122

    PubMedWeb of Science
34. ↵
    Sato N, Sze G, Awad I, et al. Parenchymal perianeurysmal cystic changes in the brain: Report of five cases. Radiology 200;215:229–233
35. ↵
    Osborn AG. Brain Digital Teaching File. Salt Lake City: Advanced Medical Imaging Reference Systems;2003