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Research ArticlePediatric Neuroimaging
Open Access

Atlas-Based Quantification of DTI Measures in a Typically Developing Pediatric Spinal Cord

S. Shahrampour, B. De Leener, M. Alizadeh, D. Middleton, L. Krisa, A.E. Flanders, S.H. Faro, J. Cohen-Adad and F.B. Mohamed
American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2021, 42 (9) 1727-1734; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7221
S. Shahrampour
aFrom the Departments of Radiology (S.S., M.A., D.M., F.B.M.)
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B. De Leener
dDepartment of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering (B.D.L.)
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M. Alizadeh
aFrom the Departments of Radiology (S.S., M.A., D.M., F.B.M.)
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D. Middleton
aFrom the Departments of Radiology (S.S., M.A., D.M., F.B.M.)
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L. Krisa
bOccupational Therapy (L.K.)
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A.E. Flanders
cRadiology (A.E.F., S.H.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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S.H. Faro
cRadiology (A.E.F., S.H.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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J. Cohen-Adad
eNeuroPoly Lab (J.C.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
fFunctional Neuroimaging Unit (J.C.-A.), Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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F.B. Mohamed
aFrom the Departments of Radiology (S.S., M.A., D.M., F.B.M.)
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Multi-parametric MRI, provides a variety of biomarkers sensitive to white matter integrity, However, spinal cord MRI data in pediatrics is rare compared to adults. The purpose of this work was 3-fold: 1) to develop a processing pipeline for atlas-based generation of the typically developing pediatric spinal cord WM tracts, 2) to derive atlas-based normative values of the DTI indices for various WM pathways, and 3) to investigate age-related changes in the obtained normative DTI indices along the extracted tracts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTI scans of 30 typically developing subjects (age range, 6–16 years) were acquired on a 3T MR imaging scanner. The data were registered to the PAM50 template in the Spinal Cord Toolbox. Next, the DTI indices for various WM regions were extracted at a single section centered at the C3 vertebral body in all the 30 subjects. Finally, an ANOVA test was performed to examine the effects of the following: 1) laterality, 2) functionality, and 3) age, with DTI-derived indices in 34 extracted WM regions.

RESULTS: A postprocessing pipeline was developed and validated to delineate pediatric spinal cord WM tracts. The results of ANOVA on fractional anisotropy values showed no effect for laterality (P = .72) but an effect for functionality (P < .001) when comparing the 30 primary WM labels. There was a significant (P < .05) effect of age and maturity of the left spinothalamic tract on mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity values.

CONCLUSIONS: The proposed automated pipeline in this study incorporates unique postprocessing steps followed by template registration and quantification of DTI metrics using atlas-based regions. This method eliminates the need for manual ROI analysis of WM tracts and, therefore, increases the accuracy and speed of the measurements.

ABBREVIATIONS:

AD
axial diffusivity
CV
coefficient of variation
DF
dorsal funiculi
FA
fractional anisotropy
LF
lateral funiculi
MD
mean diffusivity
RD
radial diffusivity
VF
ventral funiculi
  • © 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 42 (9)
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Cite this article
S. Shahrampour, B. De Leener, M. Alizadeh, D. Middleton, L. Krisa, A.E. Flanders, S.H. Faro, J. Cohen-Adad, F.B. Mohamed
Atlas-Based Quantification of DTI Measures in a Typically Developing Pediatric Spinal Cord
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2021, 42 (9) 1727-1734; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7221

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Atlas-Based Quantification of DTI Measures in a Typically Developing Pediatric Spinal Cord
S. Shahrampour, B. De Leener, M. Alizadeh, D. Middleton, L. Krisa, A.E. Flanders, S.H. Faro, J. Cohen-Adad, F.B. Mohamed
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2021, 42 (9) 1727-1734; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7221
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