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In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, 141 patients (173 lesions) with a new or increasing contrast-enhancing lesion after radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy were assessed with ASL perfusion. Although ASL performed poorly in differentiating progressive disease from treatment-induced effects in high-grade gliomas within 6 months after radiation therapy, it showed fair performance after this period.

In this review of the new 5th edition of the WHO classification, the authors focus on imaging and genetic characteristics of 8 new syndromes: Elongator protein complex-medulloblastoma syndrome, BRCA1-associated protein 1 tumor-predisposition syndrome, DICER1 syndrome, familial paraganglioma syndrome, melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome, Carney complex, Fanconi anemia, and familial retinoblastoma.