Research ArticleORIGINAL RESEARCH
Safety of emergent intracranial stenting after thrombolysis: a multicenter matched analysis
Andrea M. Alexandre, Luca Scarcia, Arturo Consoli, Wen Sun, Yingjie Xu, Xianjun Huang, Charlotte Chung, Alessandro Sgreccia, Mohamad Abdalkader, Nicola Limbucci, Alessandro Pedicelli, Davide De Leoni, Maria P. Ganimede, Chiara Gaudino, Riccardo Russo, Chrysanthi Papagiannaki, Roberta Partesano, Nicolò Mandruzzato, Joseph D. Gabrieli, Pietro Panni, Andrea Zini, Frédéric Clarençon, Eytan Raz, Thanh N. Nguyen, Aldobrando Broccolini and Collaborators of the emergent IntraCranial Artery Stenting (eICAS) international study group
American Journal of Neuroradiology July 2025, ajnr.A8918; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8918
Andrea M. Alexandre
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Luca Scarcia
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Arturo Consoli
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Wen Sun
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Yingjie Xu
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Xianjun Huang
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Charlotte Chung
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro Sgreccia
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Mohamad Abdalkader
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Nicola Limbucci
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro Pedicelli
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Davide De Leoni
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Maria P. Ganimede
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Chiara Gaudino
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Riccardo Russo
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Chrysanthi Papagiannaki
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Roberta Partesano
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Nicolò Mandruzzato
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Joseph D. Gabrieli
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Pietro Panni
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Andrea Zini
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Frédéric Clarençon
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Eytan Raz
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Thanh N. Nguyen
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
Aldobrando Broccolini
From the Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.A., A.P.) and Neurology Unit (A.B.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (A.C., A.S.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, (W.S., Y.H), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology (C.C., E.R.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Interventional Neurovascular Unit (N.L.), A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (D.D.L.), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (M.P.G.), Presidio Ospedaliero Centrale SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology (C.G.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (R.R.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Department of Radiology (C.P.), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology (N.M.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit (J.D.G.), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (P.P.), IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience (A.B.), Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) of the MCA and underlying intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), rescue stenting (RS) has been associated with better angiographic outcomes and higher rates of functional independence compared to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) alone. However, uncertainty exists regarding safety of RS in patients at higher risk for intracranial bleeding.
The primary aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to compare safety outcomes between patients with acute ICAS-LVO of the MCA who underwent MT and RS with or without prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Efficacy outcomes were assessed as a secondary aim.
METHODS: We screened the prospective databases of 26 stroke centers across Europe, the United States, and China for consecutive patients with acute MCA ICAS-LVO who received RS. Patients were divided into two groups based on prior administration of IVT: IVT/RS and no-IVT/RS. Propensity score matching (PSM), based on a set of covariates that also included peri-procedural antiplatelet therapies, was used to estimate the effect of IVT treatment. Primary safety outcomes were the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90-day mortality.
RESULTS: After PSM, 52 pairs of patients were available for analysis. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding rates of sICH (11.5% in IVT/RS group vs. 9.6% in no-IVT/RS group, OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.4-4.3, p = 0.75) and 90-day mortality (14.3% in the IVT/RS group vs. 11.7% in the no-IVT/RS group, OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.4-4.2, p = 0.71). There were also no significant differences in the occurrence of parenchymal hemorrhage types 1 and 2, successful recanalization rates and 90-day functional outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: The safety of RS in ICAS-LVO is not significantly affected by prior IVT administration. Furthermore, IVT does not result in improved recanalization and clinical outcome. These findings should be interpreted with caution and require validation through future randomized controlled studies.
ABBREVIATIONS: MT＝ mechanical thrombectomy; LVO＝ large vessel occlusion; ICAS = intracranial artery stenosis; RS = rescue stenting; IVT = intravenous thrombolysis; sICH = symptomatic intracranial Hemorrhage; PH = parenchymal hematoma; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; PSM = propensity score matching; SMD = standardized mean difference; OTG = onset-to-groin; GPI = glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.
Footnotes
Andrea M. Alexandre and Luca Scarcia contributed equally to this work.
- © 2025 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Accepted Manuscript
Andrea M. Alexandre, Luca Scarcia, Arturo Consoli, Wen Sun, Yingjie Xu, Xianjun Huang, Charlotte Chung, Alessandro Sgreccia, Mohamad Abdalkader, Nicola Limbucci, Alessandro Pedicelli, Davide De Leoni, Maria P. Ganimede, Chiara Gaudino, Riccardo Russo, Chrysanthi Papagiannaki, Roberta Partesano, Nicolò Mandruzzato, Joseph D. Gabrieli, Pietro Panni, Andrea Zini, Frédéric Clarençon, Eytan Raz, Thanh N. Nguyen, Aldobrando Broccolini, Collaborators of the emergent IntraCranial Artery Stenting (eICAS) international study group
Safety of emergent intracranial stenting after thrombolysis: a multicenter matched analysis
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2025, ajnr.A8918; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8918
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Accepted Manuscript
Safety of emergent intracranial stenting after thrombolysis: a multicenter matched analysis
Andrea M. Alexandre, Luca Scarcia, Arturo Consoli, Wen Sun, Yingjie Xu, Xianjun Huang, Charlotte Chung, Alessandro Sgreccia, Mohamad Abdalkader, Nicola Limbucci, Alessandro Pedicelli, Davide De Leoni, Maria P. Ganimede, Chiara Gaudino, Riccardo Russo, Chrysanthi Papagiannaki, Roberta Partesano, Nicolò Mandruzzato, Joseph D. Gabrieli, Pietro Panni, Andrea Zini, Frédéric Clarençon, Eytan Raz, Thanh N. Nguyen, Aldobrando Broccolini, Collaborators of the emergent IntraCranial Artery Stenting (eICAS) international study group
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2025, ajnr.A8918; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8918
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