Research ArticleORIGINAL RESEARCH
Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Balloon Mounted Stents and Self Expanding Stents in Rescue Stenting for Large Vessel Occlusion: Secondary analysis of the RESCUE-ICAS Registry
Sami Al Kasab, Adam T Mierzwa, Imad Samman Tahhan, Shadi Yaghi, Mouhammad Jumaa, Violiza Inoa, Francesco Capasso, Michael Nahhas, Robert M. Starke, Isabel Fragata, Matthew T. Bender, Krisztina Moldovan, Ilko Maier, Jonathan A. Grossberg, Pascal Jabbour, Marios Psychogios, Edgar A Samaniego, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, David Altschul, Justin Mascitelli, Mohamad Ezzeldin, Ramesh Grandhi, Adam de Havenon, Thanh N. Nguyen, Ameer E. Hassan and RESCUE-ICAS Collaborators
American Journal of Neuroradiology June 2025, ajnr.A8895; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8895
Sami Al Kasab
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Adam T Mierzwa
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Imad Samman Tahhan
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Shadi Yaghi
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Mouhammad Jumaa
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Violiza Inoa
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Francesco Capasso
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Michael Nahhas
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Robert M. Starke
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Isabel Fragata
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Matthew T. Bender
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Krisztina Moldovan
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Ilko Maier
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Jonathan A. Grossberg
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Pascal Jabbour
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Marios Psychogios
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Edgar A Samaniego
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Jan-Karl Burkhardt
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
David Altschul
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Justin Mascitelli
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Mohamad Ezzeldin
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Ramesh Grandhi
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Adam de Havenon
From the Neurosurgery and Neurology Department (S.A.K.,I.S.T.), Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA, Department of Neurology (A.T.M.,M.J.), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA, Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Semmes Murphey Clinic (V.I.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA, Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Department of Neurology (M.N.), University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.S.), University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, Department of Neuroradiology (I.F.), Hospital S. José, ULS, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (K.M.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Neurology (I.M.), University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, NS, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery (J.A.G.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, Department of Neurology (E.A.S.), University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.K.B.), University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (D.A.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.), University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Neuroendovascular Surgery Department (M.E.), HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA, Department of Neurosurgery (R.G.) University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Department of Neurology (A.D.H), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Radiology and Neurology (T.N.N), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley -Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
Thanh N. Nguyen
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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with intracranial stenosis-related large vessel occlusion (ICAS-LVO) may experience better outcomes with stenting compared to standalone mechanical thrombectomy. This study evaluates the safety and clinical outcomes of self-expanding stents (SES) versus balloon-mounted stents (BMS) in ICAS-LVO patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy and stenting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This secondary analysis of the RESCUE-ICAS registry, a multicenter observational study, included ICASLVO patients from 25 stroke centers who underwent stenting. Patients were stratified by stent type (SES or BMS). The primary endpoint was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2. Secondary outcomes included successful reperfusion, recurrent stroke, and infarct volume. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was the primary safety outcome. Inverse probability weighting adjusted for confounders.
RESULTS: Among 194 patients, 111 received SES, of whom 61 (55%) underwent pre-stenting angioplasty. After adjustment, no significant difference was observed between SES and BMS in 90-day mRS 0–2 (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.62–1.96, p=0.75), successful reperfusion (mTICI ≥2B), or final infarct volume. SES was associated with higher odds of moderate stenosis (>50%) at follow-up (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.15–11.98, p=0.02) and recurrent stroke (13.5% vs. 1.2%, p=0.001), particularly in patients without pre-stenting angioplasty (14% vs. 1%).
CONCLUSIONS: SES and BMS demonstrated comparable safety and clinical outcomes in ICAS-LVO patients. However, SES was linked to higher rates of restenosis and recurrent strokes, potentially influenced by the absence of pre-stenting angioplasty. Further research is needed to refine stenting strategies in this population.
ABBREVIATIONS: BMS = balloon mounted stents, ICAS = intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, IPW = Inverse probability weighted, MT = mechanical thrombectomy, LVO = Large vessel occlusion, RS = rescue stenting, RESCUE-ICAS = Registry of Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion due to Intracranial Stenosis, SES = self-expanding stents (SES)
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Accepted Manuscript
Sami Al Kasab, Adam T Mierzwa, Imad Samman Tahhan, Shadi Yaghi, Mouhammad Jumaa, Violiza Inoa, Francesco Capasso, Michael Nahhas, Robert M. Starke, Isabel Fragata, Matthew T. Bender, Krisztina Moldovan, Ilko Maier, Jonathan A. Grossberg, Pascal Jabbour, Marios Psychogios, Edgar A Samaniego, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, David Altschul, Justin Mascitelli, Mohamad Ezzeldin, Ramesh Grandhi, Adam de Havenon, Thanh N. Nguyen, Ameer E. Hassan, RESCUE-ICAS Collaborators
Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Balloon Mounted Stents and Self Expanding Stents in Rescue Stenting for Large Vessel Occlusion: Secondary analysis of the RESCUE-ICAS Registry
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jun 2025, ajnr.A8895; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8895
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Accepted Manuscript
Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Balloon Mounted Stents and Self Expanding Stents in Rescue Stenting for Large Vessel Occlusion: Secondary analysis of the RESCUE-ICAS Registry
Sami Al Kasab, Adam T Mierzwa, Imad Samman Tahhan, Shadi Yaghi, Mouhammad Jumaa, Violiza Inoa, Francesco Capasso, Michael Nahhas, Robert M. Starke, Isabel Fragata, Matthew T. Bender, Krisztina Moldovan, Ilko Maier, Jonathan A. Grossberg, Pascal Jabbour, Marios Psychogios, Edgar A Samaniego, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, David Altschul, Justin Mascitelli, Mohamad Ezzeldin, Ramesh Grandhi, Adam de Havenon, Thanh N. Nguyen, Ameer E. Hassan, RESCUE-ICAS Collaborators
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jun 2025, ajnr.A8895; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8895
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