Patterns of Epidural Patch Distribution: The Influence of Spinal Level, Injection Technique, and Patch Volume/Composition on Craniocaudal and Ventral Epidural Dispersion

From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Daniel Montes, MD, Samantha L. Pisani Petrucci, MD, PhD, Debayan Bhaumik MD, Nadya Andonov, FNP, Andrew L. Callen MD), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Peter Lennarson MD2), and the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Andrew L. Callen MD)

From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Daniel Montes, MD, Samantha L. Pisani Petrucci, MD, PhD, Debayan Bhaumik MD, Nadya Andonov, FNP, Andrew L. Callen MD), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Peter Lennarson MD2), and the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Andrew L. Callen MD)

From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Daniel Montes, MD, Samantha L. Pisani Petrucci, MD, PhD, Debayan Bhaumik MD, Nadya Andonov, FNP, Andrew L. Callen MD), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Peter Lennarson MD2), and the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Andrew L. Callen MD)

From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Daniel Montes, MD, Samantha L. Pisani Petrucci, MD, PhD, Debayan Bhaumik MD, Nadya Andonov, FNP, Andrew L. Callen MD), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Peter Lennarson MD2), and the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Andrew L. Callen MD)

From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Daniel Montes, MD, Samantha L. Pisani Petrucci, MD, PhD, Debayan Bhaumik MD, Nadya Andonov, FNP, Andrew L. Callen MD), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Peter Lennarson MD2), and the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Andrew L. Callen MD)

From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Daniel Montes, MD, Samantha L. Pisani Petrucci, MD, PhD, Debayan Bhaumik MD, Nadya Andonov, FNP, Andrew L. Callen MD), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Peter Lennarson MD2), and the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA (Andrew L. Callen MD)