Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Schematic illustration of the automatic SCORE method using AMIRA images and subsequent segmentation of all SC compartments using MDGRU in HCs and patients with MS. A, Median slice of a TSE sequence with indications of the acquired AMIRA slices in green. B, Stack of AMIRA slices; each slice constitutes an average of all inversion images. C, AMIRA inversion images of 1 representative slice acquired at different inversion times. D, Different averages of selected inversion images. Manual segmentations were performed using the 1–5 AMIRA average for the SC GM/WM and MS lesion borders, and the 6–8 AMIRA average for the SC/CSF borders. These manual segmentations were used to train MDGRU neural networks for automatic segmentation of the SC/CSF borders (gold), SC GM/WM (dark brown), SCGM subdivisions (anterior horns, red; posterior horns, dark blue; gray commissure, dark green) and SC MS lesion borders (purple). MDGRU always used all 8 inversion images simultaneously without averaging.
- FIG 2.
Cross-sectional areas of all SC compartments in HCs and patients with MS. Representative SCORE segmentations of all AMIRA slices acquired in one HC and one patient with MS. The SC/CSF borders are depicted in gold; the SC GM/WM borders, in dark brown; the anterior horn borders, in red; the posterior horn borders, in dark blue; the gray commissure borders, in dark green; and the lesion borders, in purple.
- FIG 3.
Reproducibility of SCORE and manual segmentations in all SC compartments of HCs. A, Representative SCORE segmentations of respective AMIRA slices acquired in a scan-rescan fashion on a single HC. The SC/CSF borders (gold) are shown on the average of the last 3 TI AMIRA images of each slice, whereas the SC GM/WM (dark brown) and SC GM subdivision borders (anterior horns, red; posterior horns, dark blue; gray commissure, dark green) are shown on the average of the first 5 TI AMIRA images. The first 2 MR images were obtained back-to-back without repositioning to allow intrasession comparisons. The third scan was obtained after patient repositioning to allow intersession comparisons. Note the high agreement of SCORE segmentations between scans. Intra- and intersession reproducibility of manual (blue) and SCORE (red) was measured by DSC (B).
- FIG 4.
Accuracy of SCORE versus manual segmentations in all SC compartments of HCs and patients with MS. A, Representative SCORE and manual segmentations of AMIRA slices acquired in 1 HC and 1 patient with MS. The SC/CSF borders of manual and SCORE segmentations are shown in aqua (dashed line) and gold, respectively. The SC GM/WM borders of manual and SCORE segmentations are shown in coral (dashed line) and dark brown, respectively. The SC anterior horns, posterior horns, and gray commissure of manual and SCORE segmentations are shown in orange, turquoise, lime (dashed lines), red, navy blue, and dark green, respectively. Finally, the lesion borders of manual and SCORE segmentations are shown in violet (dashed line) and dark purple, respectively. Note the high agreement between manual and SCORE segmentations. The accuracy of SCORE versus manual segmentations was measured by DSC (B) and was generally high. Healthy, normal-appearing and lesional tissue and normal-appearing tissue are shown separately for each SC compartment in red, blue, and yellow, respectively. SC MS lesions are shown separately in green. Note the high accuracy of SCORE compared with manual segmentations in all SC compartments except for the gray commissure and lesions in both HCs and patients with MS.
