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Research ArticlePediatric Neuroimaging

Cervical Spinal Cord Compression and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Syndromic Craniosynostosis

B.K. den Ottelander, R. de Goederen, C.A. de Planque, S.J. Baart, M.L.C. van Veelen, L.J.A. Corel, K.F.M. Joosten, I.M.J. Mathijssen and M.H.G. Dremmen
American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6881
B.K. den Ottelander
aFrom the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
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  • ORCID record for B.K. den Ottelander
R. de Goederen
aFrom the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
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C.A. de Planque
aFrom the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
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S.J. Baart
eDepartment of Biostatistics (S.J.B.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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M.L.C. van Veelen
bDepartment of Neurosurgery (M.L.C.v.V.)
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L.J.A. Corel
cPediatric Intensive Care Unit (L.J.A.C., K.F.M.J.)
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K.F.M. Joosten
cPediatric Intensive Care Unit (L.J.A.C., K.F.M.J.)
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I.M.J. Mathijssen
aFrom the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
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M.H.G. Dremmen
dDepartment of Radiology (M.H.G.D.), Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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    FIGURE.

    Axial and sagittal T2-weigthed MR imageing at the level of the odontoid process (above). Left: CR-1 measurement (anterior-posterior diameter/Latero-lateral diameter) Right: Perpendicular alignment for CR-1 measurement. Axial T1-weigthed MR image at the level of the foramen magnum and sagittal T2-weighted image in the midline (below). Left: CR-2 measurement (spinal cord area [yellow]/foramen magnum area × 100). Right: Cervicomedullary angle.

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    Table 1:

    Characteristics of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and controls

    Syndromic Craniosynostosis (n = 122)Controls (n = 131)
    Syndrome (No. of cases)
     Apert34NA
     Crouzon65NA
     Muenke12NA
     Saethre-Chotzen11NA
    Mean age (yr)5.70 (range, 0.24–18.92)9.90 (range, 0.01–18.20)
    Mean CR-10.63 (range, 0.32–1.03)0.64 (range, 0.43–0.87)
    Mean CR-20.41 (range, 0.12–1.00)0.28 (range, 0.08–0.80)
    Mean CMA149.92 (range, 122.06–167.78)157.07 (range, 136.04–174.21)
    • Note:—NA indicates not applicable.

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    Table 2:

    β coefficients and P values of the comparisons between patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and controls

    CR-1CR-2CMA
    Apert–0.02, P = .391.9, P = .64–4.4, P = .01a
    Crouzon0.02, P = .2427.6, P < .001a–10.2, P < .001a
    Muenke–0.01, P = .7711.1, P = .07–4.1, P = .11
    Saethre-Chotzen0.05, P = .130.6, P = .92–5.2, P = .049a
    • ↵a Statistically significant difference.

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B.K. den Ottelander, R. de Goederen, C.A. de Planque, S.J. Baart, M.L.C. van Veelen, L.J.A. Corel, K.F.M. Joosten, I.M.J. Mathijssen, M.H.G. Dremmen
Cervical Spinal Cord Compression and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Syndromic Craniosynostosis
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2020, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6881

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Cervical Spinal Cord Compression and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Syndromic Craniosynostosis
B.K. den Ottelander, R. de Goederen, C.A. de Planque, S.J. Baart, M.L.C. van Veelen, L.J.A. Corel, K.F.M. Joosten, I.M.J. Mathijssen, M.H.G. Dremmen
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2020, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6881
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