Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Measurement strategy for determining the diameter of components of dural venous sinuses. A, The maximal diameter of torcula is obtained. Superior sagittal sinus (B) and bilateral transverse sinuses (C) are measured (red line) 1 cm away from the center of the torcula (yellow line). D, The maximal diameter of the internal jugular vein is measured at the skull base. E, The maximal diameter of the vein of Galen is obtained. F, The sigmoid sinuses are measured (red line) 1 cm distal to the transverse sigmoid junction (yellow line). G, The maximal diameter of the straight sinus is obtained. JV indicates jugular vein; SS, sigmoid sinus; St. Sin., straight sinus; TS, transverse sinus; SSS, superior sagittal sinus; VOG, vein of Galen.
- FIG 2.
Examples of various transverse venous sinus anatomy patterns. A, Codominance between the right (solid arrow) and left (dashed arrow) transverse sinuses. B, Right-side-dominant (solid white arrow) transverse sinus compared with the left (dashed white arrow), with an occipital sinus noted (black arrow). C, Left-side-atretic transverse sinus (dashed arrow) with flow through the right (solid white arrow).
- FIG 3.
Variations in venous size by age in the torcula (A), superior sagittal sinus (B), straight sinus (C), and vein of Galen (D). SSS indicates superior sagittal sinus; St. Sinus, straight sinus; VOG, vein of Galen.
- FIG 4.
Variations in venous sinus size by age in the left (A) and right (B) transverse venous sinuses, left (C) and right (D) sigmoid sinuses, and left (E) and right (F) internal jugular veins.
- FIG 5.
Examples of embryonic sinuses. Persistent falcine sinus in a 2-month-old infant seen on 3D-MRV (A) and a sagittal section of 2D-MRV (B, arrows). C, Occipital sinus (arrow).
Tables
Demographics Total MR venograms Included 429 Total patients included 429 No. of MR venograms with IV contrast (%) 327 (76.2) Age categories (No.) (%) (yr) 0 25 (5.8) 1–5 24 (5.6) 6–10 21 (4.9) 11–15 70 (16.3) 16–20 289 (67.4) Mean age (SD) (yr) 15.1 (5.9) Male (No.) (%) 129 (30.0) Age Category (Years) <1 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 No. 25 24 21 70 289 Right transverse sinus diameter (mm) 3.7 (2.1) 5.4 (2.8) 8.1 (2.0) 7.1 (2.2) 7.6 (2.1) Left transverse sinus diameter (mm) 3.1 (2.2) 5.9 (3.1) 6.4 (2.5) 6.4 (2.4) 6.1 (2.0) Torcula 8.4 (4.1) 13.3 (4.5) 15.4 (3.4) 16.5 (4.1) 17.4 (4.1) Superior sagittal sinus 4.0 (1.5) 7.4 (2.5) 8.8 (1.6) 8.6 (1.9) 8.7 (1.6) Straight sinus 3.9 (1.1) 5.4 (2.7) 5.2 (1.6) 5.2 (1.5) 4.8 (1.3) Vein of Galen 3.2 (0.8) 4.4 (1.1) 4.8 (0.9) 4.9 (1.0) 4.8 (1.0) Right sigmoid sinus 5.0 (2.1) 6.7 (1.4) 8.6 (2.4) 10.1 (2.4) 10.0 (1.9) Left sigmoid sinus 4.0 (2.0) 7.3 (2.8) 8.0 (2.2) 8.8 (2.5) 9.0 (2.1) Right internal jugular vein 4.4 (1.5) 6.8 (1.4) 9.0 (2.2) 9.9 (2.2) 10.0 (2.2) Left internal jugular vein 3.9 (1.4) 6.8 (2.8) 7.4 (1.7) 7.8 (2.2) 8.1 (2.1) ↵a Data are mean diameters (SD).
Age Category (Years) <1 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 P Value No. 25 24 21 70 289 – Persistent falcine sinus (No.) (%) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.3) 1 (4.8) 2 (2.9) 4 (1.4) .09 Occipital sinus (No.) (%) 6 (24.0) 6 (25.0) 1 (4.8) 6 (8.7) 8 (2.8) <.0001 Note:—– indicates that no P-value was calculated.
Age Category (Years) <1 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 P Value No. patients in each age category 25 24 21 70 289 – Codominant (No. of patients) (% of age group) 12 (48.0) 12 (50.0) 8 (38.1) 37 (52.9) 177 (61.2) .14 Right-dominant 8 (32.0) 4 (16.7) 9 (42.9) 22 (31.4) 76 (26.3) .18 Left-dominant 3 (12.0) 6 (25.0) 3 (14.3) 9 (12.9) 23 (8.0) Right-atretic 1 (4.0) 1 (4.2) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.4) 3 (1.0) .81 Left-atretic 1 (4.0) 1 (4.2) 1 (4.8) 1 (1.4) 10 (3.4) Note:—– indicates that no P-value was calculated.
