Brain Cortical Structure and Executive Function in Children May Be Influenced by Parental Choices of Infant Diets

Article Figures & Data

Table 1:

Demographic information of the 8-year-old children participating in the study

	BF (n = 22)	MF (n = 25)	SF (n = 24)	P Value
Sex (M/F)	10/12	10/15	11/13	.90
Weight (mean) (kg)	27.8 ± 6.3	27.7 ± 5.1	27.2 ± 4.8	.90
Height (mean) (cm)	127.7 ± 4.7	128.5 ± 4.1	125.9 ± 5.3	.16
Age at MR imaging (mean) (yr)	7.98 ± 0.29	7.93 ± 0.25	7.87 ± 0.25	.33
BRIEF completed (M/F)	10/12	10/13	10/13	.99
Mother’s education (no/partial or full/above college)	0/9/5	0/9/6	1/6/7	.54
Father’s education (no/partial or full/above college)	2/10/2	2/10/3	3/9/0	.56
Mother’s annual income (<$20,000/$20,000–$59,999/>$59,999)	6/3/3/0	12/3/7/2	11/2/6/3	.52
Father’s annual income (<$20,000/$20,000–$59,999/>$59,999)	14/0/9/5	15/0/8/7	11/0/5/6	.63

Table 2:

Global imaging features for the 3 feeding groups

Features	BF (Mean)	MF (Mean)	SF (Mean)	F Score	P Value
LH mean cortical thickness (mm)	2.77 ± 0.09	2.76 ± 0.09	2.78 ± 0.09	0.30	.74
RH mean cortical thickness (mm)	2.76 ± 0.08	2.75 ± 0.10	2.78 ± 0.09	0.64	.53
LH surface area (cm²)	905 ± 83	893 ± 78	933 ± 104	1.28	.29
RH surface area (cm²)	902 ± 80	897 ± 83	937 ± 104	1.43	.25
LH cortical volume (cm³)	291 ± 25	289 ± 24	300 ± 31	1.26	.29
RH cortical volume (cm³)	290 ± 24	289 ± 26	301 ± 32	1.50	.23
Total intracranial volume (cm³)	1490 ± 127	1502 ± 123	1529 ± 149	0.5	.61

Table 3:

Clusters that showed significant differences (P ≤ .05, corrected) in group comparisons of cortical thickness or surface area^a

Cluster No.	Size (mm²)	No. of Vertices	Peak Coordinate			Peak Vertex t Value	Cluster-Wise P Value	Relationships
Cluster No.	Size (mm²)	No. of Vertices	x	y	z	Peak Vertex t Value	Cluster-Wise P Value	Relationships
1	106	134	9.9	–87.1	17.7	5.05	.007	All: MF>BF
2	132	165	10.7	–87.4	18.5	5.38	.003	Boys: MF>BF
3	128	180	–11.4	–74	12.7	5.34	.004	Boys: MF>BF
4	151	189	11.2	–87.8	18.5	4.76	.001	Boys: MF>SF
5	78	100	3.6	–74.2	14.3	4.88	.02	Boys: MF>SF
6	87	82	–7.8	–87.9	–10.8	4.65	.01	Boys: MF>SF
7	53	117	15.2	–16	64.5	4.38	.046	Girls: SF>MF
8	138	220	–32.9	8.5	55.3	4.77	.01	Boys: MF>SF^{^a}