Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Representative BOLD-CVR parametric maps demonstrating normal (positive) (A) reactivity and abnormal (negative) reactivity (B, arrow).
- Fig 2.
Direct adjusted survival curves for ischemic-free survival as a function of the moyamoya comorbidities (A) (HR for idiopathic moyamoya: 3.71; 95% CI, 1.1–12.8; P = .03), sex (B) (HR for males: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.19–2.23; P = .49), and age group (C) (HR for older than 8 years: 0.62; 95% CI, 0.18–2.1; P = .44). Age as a continuous variable was not predictive of ischemic events. Age is represented in years.
Tables
Total Sample (n = 37) Demographic characteristics Female (No.) (%) 21 (56.8) Age at moyamoya diagnosis (median) (IQR, 25–75) (yr) 10 (6.3–11.8) Age at initial CVR (median) (IQR, 25–75) (yr) 10.7 (7.5–14.7) Time to follow-up (median) (IQR, 25–75) (mo) 20.8 (13.7–84.1) Moyamoya classification Idiopathic 14 (37.8) Syndromic 23 (62.2) NF1 9 (24.3) Trisomy 21/other chromosomal disorders 7 (18.9) Sickle cell disease 5 (13.5) Postradiation vasculopathy 2 (5.4) Clinical presentation Stroke (No.) (%) 12 (32.4) Bilateral 2 (5.4) Right 6 (16.2) Left 4 (10.8) TIA (No.) (%) 8 (21.6) Seizure (No.) (%) 3 (8) Headaches (No.) (%) 8 (21.6) Asymptomatic (No.) (%) 6 (16.2) Other (No.) (%) 2 (5.4) Radiographic findings (No.) (%) Parenchymal Not ischemic 8 (21.6) Watershed 12 (32.4) Deep white matter 1 (2.7) Cortical 12 (32.4) Cortical 3 (8.1) Cortical ischemic and watershed 14 (37.8) Vascular Moyamoya laterality (No.) (%) Left 8 (21.6) Right 6 (16.2) Bilateral 23 (62.2) Grade of stenosis (No.) (%) 50%–74% Occlusion 5 (13.5) ≥75% Occlusion 32 (86.5) Note:—NF1 indicates neurofibromatosis type 1.
- Table 2:
Comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics based on steal statusa and ischemic events
Steal Statusa P Value Ischemic Events P Value No Steal (n = 12) Steal (n = 25) No (n = 26) Yes (n = 11) Age at baseline CVR (median) (IQR, 25–75) (yr) 9.3 (5.6–14.5) 10.8 (8.3–15) .28 10.9 (8.3–15) 10.3 (7.2–12.5) .44 Female (No.) (%) 5 (41.7) 16 (64) .29 14 (53.9) 7 (63.6) .72 Moyamoya classification (No.) (%) .69 .06 Idiopathic 4 (33.3) 10 (40) 7 (26.9) 7 (63.6) Syndromicb 8 (66.7) 15 (60) 19 (73.1) 4 (36.4) NF1 2 (16.7) 7 (28) 7 (26.9) 2 (18.2) Trisomy 21/other chromosomal disorders 3 (25) 4 (16) 6 (23.1) 1 (9.1) Sickle cell disease 1 (8.3) 4 (16) 4 (15.4) 1 (9.1) Postradiation vasculopathy 2 (16.7) 0 2 (7.7) 0 Stroke (No.) (%) 4 (33.3) 8 (32) 1 11 (42.3) 1 (9.1) .06 TIA (No.) (%) 2 (16.7) 6 (24) 1 5 (19.2) 3 (27.3) .67 Seizure (No.) (%) 2 (16.7) 1 (4) .24 2 (7.7) 1 (9.1) 1 Headaches (No.) (%) 3 (25) 5 (20) 1 6 (23.1) 2 (18.2) 1 Asymptomatic (No.) (%) 2 (16.7) 4 (16) 1 3 (11.5) 3 (27.3) .33 Others (No.) (%) 0 2 (8.3) .54 0 2 (18.2) .08 Moyamoya laterality (No.) (%) .77 .78 Left 3 (25) 5 (20) 6 (23.1) 2 (18.2) Right 1 (8.3) 5 (20) 5 (19.2) 1 (9.1) Bilateral 8 (66.7) 15 (60) 15 (57.7) 8 (72.7)
