More articles from Pediatric Neuroimaging
- Imaging Characteristics of Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3 K27M Mutation
The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System includes “diffuse midline glioma with histone H3 K27M mutation” as a new diagnostic entity. This study of 33 patients with diffuse midline gliomas found histone H3 K27M mutation was present in 24 patients (72.7%) and absent in 9 (27.3%). The location was the thalamus in 27.3%; the pons in 42.4%; within the vermis/fourth ventricle in 15%; and the spinal cord in 6%. The radiographic features of diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation were highly variable, ranging from expansile masses without enhancement or necrosis with large areas of surrounding infiltrative growth to peripherally enhancing masses with central necrosis with significant mass effect.
- Microstructure of the Default Mode Network in Preterm Infants
A cohort of 44 preterm infants underwent T1WI, resting-state fMRI, and DTI at 3T, including 21 infants with brain injuries and 23 infants with normal-appearing structural imaging as controls. Neurodevelopment was evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12 months' adjusted age. Results showed decreased fractional anisotropy and elevated radial diffusivity values of the cingula in the preterm infants with brain injuries compared with controls. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development cognitive scores were significantly associated with cingulate fractional anisotropy. The authors suggest that the microstructural properties of interconnecting axonal pathways within the default mode network are of critical importance in the early neurocognitive development of infants.