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Research ArticleEmergency Neuroradiology

Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Identification of Mass Effect and Vasogenic Edema on CT of the Head

Isabella Newbury-Chaet, Sarah F. Mercaldo, John K. Chin, Ankita Ghatak, Madeleine A. Halle, Ashley L. MacDonald, Karen Buch, John Conklin, William A. Mehan, Stuart Pomerantz, Sandra Rincon, Keith J. Dreyer, Bernardo C. Bizzo and James M. Hillis
American Journal of Neuroradiology October 2024, 45 (10) 1528-1535; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8358
Isabella Newbury-Chaet
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
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  • ORCID record for Isabella Newbury-Chaet
Sarah F. Mercaldo
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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John K. Chin
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ankita Ghatak
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
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Madeleine A. Halle
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ashley L. MacDonald
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
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Karen Buch
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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John Conklin
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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William A. Mehan Jr
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Stuart Pomerantz
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sandra Rincon
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Keith J. Dreyer
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bernardo C. Bizzo
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
cDepartment of Radiology (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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James M. Hillis
aFrom the Data Science Office (I.N.-C., S.F.M., J.K.C., A.G., M.A.H., A.L.M., S.P., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H,), Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
bHarvard Medical School (S.F.M., K.B., J.C., W.A.M., S.P., S.R., K.J.D., B.C.B., J.M.H.), Boston, Massachusetts
dDepartment of Neurology (J.M.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mass effect and vasogenic edema are critical findings on CT of the head. This study compared the accuracy of an artificial intelligence model (Annalise Enterprise CTB) with consensus neuroradiologists’ interpretations in detecting mass effect and vasogenic edema.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective stand-alone performance assessment was conducted on data sets of noncontrast CT head cases acquired between 2016 and 2022 for each finding. The cases were obtained from patients 18 years of age or older from 5 hospitals in the United States. The positive cases were selected consecutively on the basis of the original clinical reports using natural language processing and manual confirmation. The negative cases were selected by taking the next negative case acquired from the same CT scanner after positive cases. Each case was interpreted independently by up-to-three neuroradiologists to establish consensus interpretations. Each case was then interpreted by the artificial intelligence model for the presence of the relevant finding. The neuroradiologists were provided with the entire CT study. The artificial intelligence model separately received thin (≤1.5 mm) and/or thick (>1.5 and ≤5 mm) axial series.

RESULTS: The 2 cohorts included 818 cases for mass effect and 310 cases for vasogenic edema. The artificial intelligence model identified mass effect with a sensitivity of 96.6% (95% CI, 94.9%–98.2%) and a specificity of 89.8% (95% CI, 84.7%–94.2%) for the thin series, and 95.3% (95% CI, 93.5%–96.8%) and 93.1% (95% CI, 89.1%–96.6%) for the thick series. It identified vasogenic edema with a sensitivity of 90.2% (95% CI, 82.0%–96.7%) and a specificity of 93.5% (95% CI, 88.9%–97.2%) for the thin series, and 90.0% (95% CI, 84.0%–96.0%) and 95.5% (95% CI, 92.5%–98.0%) for the thick series. The corresponding areas under the curve were at least 0.980.

CONCLUSIONS: The assessed artificial intelligence model accurately identified mass effect and vasogenic edema in this CT data set. It could assist the clinical workflow by prioritizing interpretation of cases with abnormal findings, possibly benefiting patients through earlier identification and subsequent treatment.

ABBREVIATIONS:

AI
artificial intelligence
AUC
area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
CADt
computer-assisted triage device
NPV
negative predictive value
PPV
positive predictive value
  • © 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 45 (10)
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Cite this article
Isabella Newbury-Chaet, Sarah F. Mercaldo, John K. Chin, Ankita Ghatak, Madeleine A. Halle, Ashley L. MacDonald, Karen Buch, John Conklin, William A. Mehan, Stuart Pomerantz, Sandra Rincon, Keith J. Dreyer, Bernardo C. Bizzo, James M. Hillis
Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Identification of Mass Effect and Vasogenic Edema on CT of the Head
American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 2024, 45 (10) 1528-1535; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8358

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AI Model for Mass Effect on CT Scans
Isabella Newbury-Chaet, Sarah F. Mercaldo, John K. Chin, Ankita Ghatak, Madeleine A. Halle, Ashley L. MacDonald, Karen Buch, John Conklin, William A. Mehan, Stuart Pomerantz, Sandra Rincon, Keith J. Dreyer, Bernardo C. Bizzo, James M. Hillis
American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 2024, 45 (10) 1528-1535; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8358
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