Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Likert scale examples of subjective spatial resolution for different patients (A, EID-CT; B and C, PCD-CT). The stapedial crus (long arrow) and cochlear modiolus (short arrow) are rated as 2 points in (A), 3 points in (B), and 4 points in (C), respectively.
- FIG 2.
A–D, Left temporal bone CT images of a 14-year-old adolescent boy from PCD-CT. The axial CT images show anatomic structures, including the tympanic membrane (A, arrow), incudostapedial joint (B, arrow), stapedial crus (C, arrow), and cochlear modiolus (D, arrow). Both readers rated a score of 4 for all anatomic structures and overall image quality. E–H, Left temporal bone CT images of a 13-year-old adolescent girl from EID-CT. The axial CT images show anatomic structures, including the tympanic membrane (E, arrow), incudostapedial joint (F, arrow), stapedial crus (G, arrow), and cochlear modiolus (H, arrow). Both readers rated a score of 3 for incudostapedial joint, cochlear modiolus, and overall image quality. The tympanic membrane and stapedial crura were rated a score of 2 and 4, respectively.
- FIG 3.
Boxplot graphs for the dose-length products of photon-counting detector CT and energy-integrating detector CT in age-related subgroups.
Tables
PCD-CT EID-CT <6 yr ≥6 yr <3 yr 3–11 yr ≥12 yr Tube voltage (kVp) 90 (ref) 120 (ref) 120 120 120 Tube current 58 mAs (quality ref) 99 mAs (quality ref) 100 mA 120 mA 150 mA Image quality metrics IQ 42 IQ 110 — — — Matrix size 768 × 768 768 × 768 512 × 512 512 × 512 512 × 512 Pitch 0.85 0.85 0.531 0.531 0.531 Gantry rotation time 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Collimation 120 × 0.2 mm 120 × 0.2 mm 64 × 0.675 mm 64 × 0.675 mm 64 × 0.675 mm Kernel Hr72 Hr72 HD bone HD bone HD bone Iterative reconstruction QIR off QIR off ASiR 30% ASiR 30% ASiR 30% Slice thickness 0.3 mm 0.3 mm 0.625 mm 0.625 mm 0.625 mm Interval 0.3 mm 0.3 mm 0.312 mm 0.312 mm 0.312 mm Automatic exposure control Used Used None None None Note:—QIR indicates Quantum Iterative Reconstruction; Ref, reference; ASiR, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction; IQ, image quality; Hr, head regular; HD, high definition.
PCD-CT (n = 52) EID-CT (n = 58) P Value Age (yr) 6.2 ± 4.3 6.9 ± 5.5 .466 Sex (male/female) 24/28 31/27 .445 Weight (kg) 29.0 ± 22.1 30.6 ± 24.0 .705 ↵a Data, excluding sex, are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance is set at P < .05.
Tympanic Membrane Incudostapedial Joint Stapedial Crura Cochlear Modiolus Overall Image Quality Reader 1 PCD-CT 2.9 ± 0.9 3.7 ± 0.6 3.1 ± 0.8 3.7 ± 0.8 3.6 ± 0.7 EID-CT 2.4 ± 0.7 2.5 ± 0.6 2.2 ± 0.6 2.8 ± 0.5 2.8 ± 0.4 P value .001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 Reader 2 PCD-CT 3.4 ± 0.6 3.7 ± 0.6 3.4 ± 0.7 3.8 ± 0.4 3.7 ± 0.6 EID-CT 2.7 ± 0.6 2.8 ± 0.5 2.6 ± 0.7 3.0 ± 0.4 2.9 ± 0.3 P value <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 Mean PCD-CT 2.9 ± 1.1 3.6 ± 0.7 3.2 ± 0.8 3.4 ± 1.1 3.6 ± 0.6 EID-CT 2.4 ± 0.7 2.6 ± 0.5 2.4 ± 0.6 2.8 ± 0.6 2.8 ± 0.3 P value .022 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 ↵a Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance is set at P < .05.
PCD-CT EID-CT ICC (2,1) 95% CI ICC (2,1) 95% CI Tympanic membrane 0.631 0.223–0.812 0.661 0.358–0.813 Incudostapedial joint 0.773 0.602–0.870 0.630 0.309–0.794 Stapedial crura 0.664 0.401–0.810 0.640 0.265–0.810 Cochlear modiolus 0.630 0.344–0.792 0.634 0.381–0.784 Overall image quality 0.808 0.667–0.890 0.632 0.379–0.782 Age (yr) PCD-CT (n = 52) EID-CT (n = 58) P Value Reduction Rate All 91.3 ± 57.1 161.0 ± 35.9 <.001 43.3% <3 27.8 ± 8.4 (n=13) 119.9 ± 15.9 (n=6) <.001 76.8% 3–5 44.2 ± 9.7 (n=10) 159.4 ± 16.9 (n=11) <.001 72.3% 6–11 129.3 ± 3.0 (n=23) 163.5 ± 10.3 (n=14) <.001 20.9% ≥12 161.2 ± 20.1 (n=6) 198.6 ± 29.6 (n=17) .006 18.8% ↵a Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance is set at P < .05.
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