Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home

User menu

  • Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Journal of Neuroradiology
American Journal of Neuroradiology

American Journal of Neuroradiology

ASHNR American Society of Functional Neuroradiology ASHNR American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology ASSR
  • Alerts
  • Log in

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Follow AJNR on Twitter
  • Visit AJNR on Facebook
  • Follow AJNR on Instagram
  • Join AJNR on LinkedIn
  • RSS Feeds

AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Research ArticleMolecular Neuroimaging/Nuclear Medicine

Optimization of [18F]-FDOPA Brain PET Acquisition Times for Assessment of Parkinsonism in the Clinical Setting

Graham Keir, Faizullah Mashriqi, Christopher Caravella, Sean A.P. Clouston, Josephine N. Rini and Ana M. Franceschi
American Journal of Neuroradiology June 2024, 45 (6) 781-787; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8207
Graham Keir
aFrom the Neuroradiology Division (G.K., F.M., A.M.F.), Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Graham Keir
Faizullah Mashriqi
aFrom the Neuroradiology Division (G.K., F.M., A.M.F.), Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Faizullah Mashriqi
Christopher Caravella
bNuclear Medicine Division (C.C., J.N.R.), Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Christopher Caravella
Sean A.P. Clouston
cDepartment of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine (S.A.P.C.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Sean A.P. Clouston
Josephine N. Rini
bNuclear Medicine Division (C.C., J.N.R.), Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Josephine N. Rini
Ana M. Franceschi
aFrom the Neuroradiology Division (G.K., F.M., A.M.F.), Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Ana M. Franceschi
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Franceschi AM,
    2. Franceschi D
    1. Ponisio MR,
    2. Iranpour P,
    3. Benzinger T
    . FDOPA in Movement Disorders and Neuro-Oncology. In: Franceschi AM, Franceschi D. eds. Hybrid PET/MR Neuroimaging: A Comprehensive Approach. Springer-Verlag; 2022:121–35
  2. 2.↵
    1. Eshuis SA,
    2. Jager PL,
    3. Maguire RP, et al
    . Direct comparison of FP-CIT SPECT and F-DOPA PET in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;36:454–62 doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0989-5 pmid:19037637
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  3. 3.↵
    1. Chondrogiannis S,
    2. Marzola MC,
    3. Al-Nahhas A, et al
    . Normal biodistribution pattern and physiologic variants of 18F-DOPA PET imaging. Nucl Med Commun 2013;34:1141–49 doi:10.1097/MNM.0000000000000008 pmid:24128899
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Buu NT
    . Vesicular accumulation of dopamine following L-DOPA administration. Biochem Pharmacol 1989;38:1787–92 doi:10.1016/0006-2952(89)90413-9 pmid:2735936
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Lee CS,
    2. Samii A,
    3. Sossi V, et al
    . In vivo positron emission tomographic evidence for compensatory changes in presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 2000;47:493–503 doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200004)47:4<493::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-4 pmid:10762161
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  6. 6.↵
    1. Morrish PK,
    2. Sawle GV,
    3. Brooks DJ
    . An [18F]dopa-PET and clinical study of the rate of progression in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 1996;119(Pt 2):585–91 doi:10.1093/brain/119.2.585 pmid:8800950
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. 7.↵
    1. Leenders KL,
    2. Salmon EP,
    3. Tyrrell P, et al
    . The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteer subjects and patients with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 1990;47:1290–98 doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530120034007 pmid:2123623
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  8. 8.↵
    1. Bruck A,
    2. Aalto S,
    3. Rauhala E, et al
    . A follow-up study on 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa uptake in early Parkinson’s disease shows nonlinear progression in the putamen. Mov Disord 2009;24:1009–15 doi:10.1002/mds.22484 pmid:19260097
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Calabria FF,
    2. Calabria E,
    3. Gangemi V, et al
    . Current status and future challenges of brain imaging with (18)F-DOPA PET for movement disorders. Hell J Nucl Med 2016;19:33–41 doi:10.1967/s002449910335 pmid:26929938
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. 10.↵
    1. Kaasinen V,
    2. Vahlberg T
    . Striatal dopamine in Parkinson disease: a meta-analysis of imaging studies. Ann Neurol 2017;82:873–82 doi:10.1002/ana.25103 pmid:29165839
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Ghaemi M,
    2. Raethjen J,
    3. Hilker R, et al
    . Monosymptomatic resting tremor and Parkinson's disease: a multitracer positron emission tomographic study. Mov Disord 2002;17:782–88 doi:10.1002/mds.10125 pmid:12210876
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. 12.↵
    1. Broussolle E,
    2. Dentresangle C,
    3. Landais P, et al
    . The relation of putamen and caudate nucleus 18F-Dopa uptake to motor and cognitive performances in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 1999;166:141–51 doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00127-6 pmid:10475108
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  13. 13.↵
    1. Eidelberg D,
    2. Moeller JR,
    3. Dhawan V, et al
    . The metabolic anatomy of Parkinson’s disease: complementary [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and [18F]fluorodopa positron emission tomographic studies. Mov Disord 1990;5:203–13 doi:10.1002/mds.870050304 pmid:2117706
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  14. 14.↵
    1. Vingerhoets FJ,
    2. Schulzer M,
    3. Calne DB, et al
    . Which clinical sign of Parkinson’s disease best reflects the nigrostriatal lesion? Ann Neurol 1997;41:58–64 doi:10.1002/ana.410410111 pmid:9005866
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  15. 15.↵
    1. Otsuka M,
    2. Ichiya Y,
    3. Kuwabara Y, et al
    . Differences in the reduced 18F-Dopa uptakes of the caudate and the putamen in Parkinson’s disease: correlations with the three main symptoms. J Neurol Sci 1996;136:169–73 doi:10.1016/0022-510x(95)00316-t pmid:8815166
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  16. 16.↵
    Food and Drug Administration. Drug Trials Snapshots: Fluorodopa F 18. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-trials-snapshots-fluorodopa-f-18. Accessed: July 7, 2023
  17. 17.↵
    Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Billing and Coding: Positron Emission Tomography Scans Coverage. https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/article.aspx?articleid=54666. Accessed July 7, 2023
  18. 18.↵
    Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of Prescribing Information. October 22, 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/200655s000lbl.pdf. Accessed: July 7, 2023
  19. 19.↵
    1. Ishikawa T,
    2. Dhawan V,
    3. Kazumata K, et al
    . Comparative nigrostriatal dopaminergic imaging with iodine-123-beta CIT-FP/SPECT and fluorine-18-FDOPA/PET. J Nucl Med 1996;37:1760–65 pmid:8917170
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  20. 20.↵
    1. Dhawan V,
    2. Ishikawa T,
    3. Patlak C, et al
    . Combined FDOPA and 3OMFD PET studies in Parkinson's disease. J Nucl Med 1996;37:209–16 pmid:8917170
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  21. 21.↵
    Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-trials-snapshots-fluorodopa-f-18. Accessed: March 21, 2024
  22. 22.↵
    1. Morbelli S,
    2. Esposito G,
    3. Arbizu J, et al
    . EANM practice guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020;47:1885–912 doi:10.1007/s00259-020-04817-8 pmid:32388612
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. 23.↵
    1. Benamer TS,
    2. Patterson J,
    3. Grosset DG, et al
    . Accurate differentiation of parkinsonism and essential tremor using visual assessment of [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT imaging: the [123I]-FP-CIT study group. Mov Disord 2000;15:503–10 doi:10.1002/1531-8257(200005)15:3<503::AID-MDS1013>3.0.CO;2-V
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  24. 24.↵
    1. Booij J,
    2. Hemelaar TG,
    3. Speelman JD, et al
    . One-day protocol for imaging of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in Parkinson’s disease by [123I]FPCIT SPECT. J Nucl Med 1999;40:753–61 pmid:10319746
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  25. 25.↵
    1. Scherfler C,
    2. Schwarz J,
    3. Antonini A, et al
    . Role of DAT-SPECT in the diagnostic work up of parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2007;22:1229–38 doi:10.1002/mds.21505 pmid:17486648
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Nicastro N,
    2. Garibotto V,
    3. Burkhard PR
    . 123I-FP-CIT SPECT accurately distinguishes parkinsonian from cerebellar variant of multiple system atrophy. Clin Nucl Med 2018;43:e33–36 doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000001899 pmid:29215405
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. 27.↵
    1. McKeith I,
    2. O'Brien J,
    3. Walker Z, et al
    ; DLB Study Group. Sensitivity and specificity of dopamine transporter imaging with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in dementia with Lewy bodies: a Phase III, multicentre study. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:305–13 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70057-1 pmid:17362834
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  28. 28.↵
    1. Thomas AJ,
    2. Attems J,
    3. Colloby SJ, et al
    . Autopsy validation of 123I-FP-CIT dopaminergic neuroimaging for the diagnosis of DLB. Neurology 2017;88:276–83 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003512 pmid:27940650
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  29. 29.↵
    1. McKeith IG,
    2. Boeve BF,
    3. Dickson DW, et al
    . Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 2017;89:88–100 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004058 pmid:28592453
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  30. 30.↵
    1. Lorberboym M,
    2. Treves TA,
    3. Melamed E, et al
    . [123I]-FP/CIT SPECT imaging for distinguishing drug-induced parkinsonism from Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2006;21:510–14 doi:10.1002/mds.20748 pmid:16250023
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. 31.↵
    1. Felicio AC,
    2. Godeiro-Junior C,
    3. Moriyama TS, et al
    . Degenerative parkinsonism in patients with psychogenic parkinsonism: a dopamine transporter imaging study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010;112:282–85 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.12.010 pmid:20061077
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  32. 32.↵
    1. Brigo F,
    2. Matinella A,
    3. Erro R, et al
    . [123I]FP-CIT SPECT (DaTSCAN) may be a useful tool to differentiate between Parkinson’s disease and vascular or drug-induced parkinsonisms: a meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2014;21:1369–90 doi:10.1111/ene.12444 pmid:24779862
    CrossRefPubMed
  33. 33.↵
    1. Bauckneht M,
    2. Chincarini A,
    3. De Carli F, et al
    . Presynaptic dopaminergic neuroimaging in REM sleep behavior disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2018;41:266–74 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.04.001 pmid:29784534
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. 34.↵
    1. Berg D,
    2. Postuma RB,
    3. Adler CH, et al
    . MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2015;30:1600–11 doi:10.1002/mds.26431 pmid:26474317
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. Takikawa S,
    2. Dhawan V,
    3. Chaly T, et al
    . Input functions for 6-[fluorine-18]fluorodopa quantitation in parkinsonism: comparative studies and clinical correlations. J Nucl Med 1994;35:955–63 pmid:8195882
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  36. 36.↵
    1. Sossi VD,
    2. La Fuente-Fernandez R,
    3. Holden JE, et al
    . Increase in dopamine turnover occurs early in Parkinson’s disease: evidence from a new modeling approach to PET 18 F-fluorodopa data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2002;22:232–39 doi:10.1097/00004647-200202000-00011 pmid:11823721
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  37. 37.↵
    1. Hazut Krauthammer S,
    2. Cohen D,
    3. Even-Sapir E, et al
    . Beyond visual assessment of basal ganglia uptake: can automated method and pineal body uptake assessment improve identification of nigrostriatal dysfunction on 18F-DOPA PET/CT? Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:5683 doi:10.3390/ijms24065683 pmid:36982756
    CrossRefPubMed
  38. 38.↵
    1. Dhawan V,
    2. Ma Y,
    3. Pillai V, et al
    . Comparative analysis of striatal FDOPA uptake in Parkinson’s disease: ratio method versus graphical approach. J Nucl Med 2002;43:1324–30 pmid:12368370
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  39. 39.↵
    1. Huang WS,
    2. Chiang YH,
    3. Lin JC, et al
    . Crossover study of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and (18)F-FDOPA PET in Parkinson’s disease patients. J Nucl Med 2003;44:999–1005 pmid:12843212
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  40. 40.↵
    1. Wallert E,
    2. Letort E,
    3. van der Zant F, et al
    . Comparison of [18F]-FDOPA PET and [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT acquired in clinical practice for assessing nigrostriatal degeneration in patients with a clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndrome. EJNMMI Res 2022;12:68 doi:10.1186/s13550-022-00943-6 pmid:36273088
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. 41.↵
    1. Dhawan V,
    2. Niethammer MH,
    3. Lesser ML, et al
    . Prospective F-18 FDOPA PET imaging study in human PD. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022;56:147–57 doi:10.1007/s13139-022-00748-4 pmid:35607632
    CrossRefPubMed
  42. 42.↵
    1. Khamis K,
    2. Giladi N,
    3. Levine C, et al
    . The added value of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in the work-up of patients with movement disorders. Neurographics 2019;9:344–48 doi:10.3174/ng.1900004
    CrossRef
  43. 43.↵
    1. Struck AF,
    2. Hall LT,
    3. Kusmirek JE, et al
    . (18)F-DOPA PET with and without MRI fusion, a receiver operator characteristics comparison. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;2:475–82 pmid:23145363
    PubMed
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

American Journal of Neuroradiology: 45 (6)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 45, Issue 6
1 Jun 2024
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)
Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Optimization of [18F]-FDOPA Brain PET Acquisition Times for Assessment of Parkinsonism in the Clinical Setting
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cite this article
Graham Keir, Faizullah Mashriqi, Christopher Caravella, Sean A.P. Clouston, Josephine N. Rini, Ana M. Franceschi
Optimization of [18F]-FDOPA Brain PET Acquisition Times for Assessment of Parkinsonism in the Clinical Setting
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jun 2024, 45 (6) 781-787; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8207

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Share
Bookmark this article
Optimization of [18F]-FDOPA Brain PET Acquisition Times for Assessment of Parkinsonism in the Clinical Setting
Graham Keir, Faizullah Mashriqi, Christopher Caravella, Sean A.P. Clouston, Josephine N. Rini, Ana M. Franceschi
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jun 2024, 45 (6) 781-787; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8207
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Purchase

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Graphical Abstract
    • Abstract
    • ABBREVIATIONS:
    • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Crossref (1)
  • Google Scholar

This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

  • PET/CT in Movement Disorders: Update
    Matilde Nerattini, Elisabetta Maria Abenavoli, Valentina Berti
    Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 2025

More in this TOC Section

  • PET Tracers Differentiate Glioma Recurrence
  • A multi-modal imaging study of IGE
  • PET/MR AC Accuracy in Amyloid Imaging
Show more Molecular Neuroimaging/Nuclear Medicine

Similar Articles

Advertisement

Indexed Content

  • Current Issue
  • Accepted Manuscripts
  • Article Preview
  • Past Issues
  • Editorials
  • Editor's Choice
  • Fellows' Journal Club
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Video Articles

Cases

  • Case Collection
  • Archive - Case of the Week
  • Archive - Case of the Month
  • Archive - Classic Case

More from AJNR

  • Trainee Corner
  • Imaging Protocols
  • MRI Safety Corner
  • Book Reviews

Multimedia

  • AJNR Podcasts
  • AJNR Scantastics

Resources

  • Turnaround Time
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Submit a Video Article
  • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
  • Statistical Tips
  • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
  • Graphical Abstract Preparation
  • Imaging Protocol Submission
  • Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
  • Publishing Checklists
  • Author Policies
  • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
  • News and Updates

About Us

  • About AJNR
  • Editorial Board
  • Editorial Board Alumni
  • Alerts
  • Permissions
  • Not an AJNR Subscriber? Join Now
  • Advertise with Us
  • Librarian Resources
  • Feedback
  • Terms and Conditions
  • AJNR Editorial Board Alumni

American Society of Neuroradiology

  • Not an ASNR Member? Join Now

© 2025 by the American Society of Neuroradiology All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

Powered by HighWire